Synthesis of a silicotungstic acid SBA-15 catalyst for selective monoglyceride production

Şimşek, Veli; Değirmenci, Levent; Mürtezaoğlu, Kırali

doi:10.1007/s11144-015-0953-x

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…2b. Irrespective of the catalyst, the selectivity towards MG when observed as a function of conversion, typically decreased with increasing fatty acid conversion due to unavoidable side reactions leading to the formation of both DG and TG, as also reported in previous studies [3,4,[6][7][8][9][10]. Nonetheless, upon examination of the trends of MG selectivity (MG selectivity vs. conversion) in Fig.…”

Section: Results Of Preliminary Catalytic Testssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Chemically, they are monoesters of hydrophilic polyols (such as glycerol) with fatty acids that contain a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, thus giving rise to their characteristic surfactant/ emulsifier properties [1][2][3][4]. MGs find application as emulsifying components in products such as aqueous fiber finishes, lubricants, mechanical oils, water displacing oils, grinding and polishing pastes, food and recently biofuels [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Some of the commercially important MGs include glycerol monolaurate, monostearate, monooleate and monoricinoleate [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis of the results hint the existence of strong shape selectivity effect imposed to the reaction products by size limitations imposed by the pore apertures. In addition, acid site density and aluminum content in zeolites have been reported to influence the observed catalyst activity [4,6,9,10]. Although in theory it is possible to improve MG yield by shifting the reaction equilibrium with excess glycerol, this approach results in poor utilization of the reactor capacity (diluted products).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the use of energy intensive molecular distillation becomes necessary to remove large volumes of unreacted glycerol and as such this approach is not particularly attractive at commercial scale. Consequently, the development of novel approaches based on the utilization of process specific, selective solid acid catalysts upon MG synthesis is of significant commercial interest [3,7,9]. Based on the data available, it can be concluded that among the reported solid acids mesoporous solid acids (MCM-41 or mesoporous silica) modified/anchored with -SO 3 H exhibit the best activity and MG selectivity which is in turn attributed to the presence of strong Brønsted acid sites (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the data available, it can be concluded that among the reported solid acids mesoporous solid acids (MCM-41 or mesoporous silica) modified/anchored with -SO 3 H exhibit the best activity and MG selectivity which is in turn attributed to the presence of strong Brønsted acid sites (i.e. -SO 3 H groups) and favorable pore structure for diffusion of bulky substrate molecules like fatty acids and monoglyceride [3,9,11,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective esterification of fatty acids with glycerol to monoglycerides over –SO3H functionalized carbon catalysts

Konwar

Mäki‐Arvela

Kumar

et al. 2016

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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SO 3 H containing carbon materials (sulfonated carbons) were successfully employed as heterogeneous catalysts upon the selective esterification of glycerol with lauric and oleic acids. The functionalized carbon catalysts outperformed zeolites H-Y, H-ZSM-5 and liquid H 2 SO 4 with respect to activity and selectivity, thus producing commercially important monoglycerides with excellent selectivity (70-80 %), at fatty acid conversion levels of 80-95 %. Most importantly, upon use of these catalysts, significant improvements were obtained with respect to process parameters in comparison to the solid acids reported before: our reaction (1) required shorter reaction time (7-24 h), (2) operated at equimolar fatty acid-toglycerol ratio, (3) could be employed at moderate reaction temperatures (100-125°C) and (4) catalyst reused was feasible thus confirming the catalytic potential of sulfonated carbons for production of high concentration monoglycerides. Moreover, the experimental results also demonstrate the existence of strong effects of catalyst pore structure (shape selectivity) and surface hydrophilicity Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (imposed to the reaction products similar to the reactivity selectivity trends observed for -SO 3 H functionalized silica catalysts reported in previous studies.

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Section: Results Of Preliminary Catalytic Testssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Selective esterification of fatty acids with glycerol to monoglycerides over –SO3H functionalized carbon catalysts

Konwar

Mäki‐Arvela

Kumar

et al. 2016

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Versatile Tool for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of an Emulsifier Mixture of Soybean Oil

Vafaei

Marat

Eskin

et al. 2019

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Finding a fast, reliable, and reproducible approach for an accurate analysis of complex lipid mixtures of emulsifiers is crucial for the food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, cosmetics, and agrochemicals industries. In the current study, a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis of a high monoester mixture of soybean oil (HMMS) was conducted using 1 H, 13 C, and 31 P NMR of 2-chloro-4,-4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane (CTDP) derivatives. The HMMS was produced by enzymatic alcoholysis of soybean oil and 1.2-propanediol in a supercritical CO 2 system. Compositional distribution analysis, quantified by aliphatic carbons with 13 C NMR, showed that HMMS is composed of more unsaturated fatty acids, comprised of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (60 AE 1.1%) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (22 AE 0.8%), than saturated fatty acids (18 AE 0.9%). The 31 P NMR quantification of HMMS demonstrated that, out of the total amount of monoacylglycerols (MAG), they are composed of 21 AE 2.9% of 2-MAG and 4 AE 0.3% of 1-MAG. Among the three techniques, 31 P NMR spectroscopy proved to be a practical methodology with high reproducibility for the precise detection and quantification of partially esterified glycerols and free fatty acids in complex lipid mixtures.Keywords 1 H NMR Á 13 C NMR Á 31 P NMR Á Enzymatic alcoholysis Á Propylene glycol monoester Á Monoacylglycerols J Am Oil Chem Soc (2020) 97: 125-133.Supporting information Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article.

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Esterification of Glycerol Derived from Biodiesel with Fatty Acids to Monoglycerides – Malaysian Perspective

et al. 2022

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The rapid increase of biodiesel production in Malaysia generates enormous quantities of crude glycerol as the primary co‐product along with the biodiesel which has limited application in local industries. The conversion of glycerol to higher‐value products like monoglycerides seems to be an attractive route. Various heterogeneous catalysts have been investigated to produce monoglycerides via esterification with fatty acids, but the application is limited to short‐chain fatty acids such as lauric acid. Solid catalysts, the parameters affecting reaction mechanisms and pathways, and kinetics of esterification of glycerol reactions are reviewed to highlight the need of superacidic mesoporous catalysts for demonstrating the catalytic activity towards the formation of monopalmitin with high palmitic acid conversion. Esterification of fatty acids to produce monoglycerides is the best approach to reduce the amount of glycerol but it is necessary to synthesize innovative and selective catalysts such as modified mesoporous catalysts to enhance the overall yield of monoglycerides. This would not only solve the problem of crude glycerol but also lead to sustainable biodiesel production especially in the context of Malaysian economy.

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Synthesis of a silicotungstic acid SBA-15 catalyst for selective monoglyceride production

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Selective esterification of fatty acids with glycerol to monoglycerides over –SO3H functionalized carbon catalysts

Selective esterification of fatty acids with glycerol to monoglycerides over –SO3H functionalized carbon catalysts

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Versatile Tool for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of an Emulsifier Mixture of Soybean Oil

Esterification of Glycerol Derived from Biodiesel with Fatty Acids to Monoglycerides – Malaysian Perspective

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