Synthesis of 2-hydroxymalononitrile

Yang, Jianxin; Yin, Yue; Zhenmin, HE; Zhang, Zhiliu; Xiaojuan, Lin; Ma, Rujian

doi:10.1007/s40242-015-5247-3

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…However, the IPNs were only thick of 5 mm because of the self‐shield effect of UV‐light. Subsequently, Yang et al have just utilized the self‐shield effect of UV‐light to generate a gradient of radical concentration along the vertical direction in photopolymerization systems, thereby preparing PGMs with molecular weight gradient. We have proposed a fast, convenient and environmentally friendly method for preparing molecular weight gradient polymer by using a polysiloxane benzophenone photoinitiator with self‐floating capability, which leads to the spontaneous formation of a concentration gradient of the photoinitiator in photopolymerization system .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradient polymer networks formed by photopolymerization with self‐floating polysiloxane‐containing nanogel

Chen

Han

Sun

2016

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Polysiloxane‐containing nanogels can be used as a fast, convenient and environmentally friendly method to control gradient photopolymerization and to obtain gradient polymer network because of its self‐floating feature. The chain length of polysiloxane is a key factor that influences the self‐floating capability of the polysiloxane‐containing nanogel. This paper reports a series of nanogels compositions synthesized with methacrylate‐modified polysiloxanes with different chain lengths, urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and isobornyl methacrylate (IBMA) at a molar ratio of 10:20:70 in the presence of a thiol chain transfer agent. The effect of polysiloxane chain length on self‐floating capability of the nanogel and gradient polymer network was researched. The results show that polysiloxane chain length is the main driving force for the self‐floating capability of the nanogels. The nanogel with long polysiloxane chain length exhibits good self‐floating capability in the monomer–polymer matrix because of the lower surface tension of polysiloxane. Furthermore, the gradient polymer network containing the nanogel with long polysiloxane chain length presents lower dispersion surface energy and greater hardness and thermostability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradient polymer networks formed by photopolymerization with self‐floating polysiloxane‐containing nanogel

Chen

Han

Sun

2016

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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α‐Cyanation of Aromatic Tertiary Amines using Malononitrile as a Low‐Toxic Cyanide Source under the Catalysis of NiGa Layered Double Oxide

Wang

Sun

et al. 2020

Asian J Org Chem

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NiGa layered double oxide (Ni 3 Ga-LDO) has been found to be an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the αcyanation of aromatic tertiary amines using malononitrile as a low-toxic cyanide source. Various aniline and aryltetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives were found to be tolerated by the catalytic system, and good to excellent yields for the corresponding products could be obtained. The results indicated that CN À might be produced via a oxidationdecomposition path, and the reaction probably proceeded via a cross-dehydrogenative coupling process. In addition, good stability and recyclability were observed for Ni 3 Ga-LDO catalyst in the reaction. α-Aminonitriles are highly useful and versatile synthetic intermediates for the preparation of α-amino carbonyl compounds, α-amino alcohols, vicinal diamines and alkaloids, which are critical for the construction of a variety of synthetically and biologically important compounds. [1] Classically, the synthesis of α-amino nitriles is always achieved by the Strecker reaction, a three-component condensation of a carbonyl compound, an amine, and cyanide. [2] An alternative route to α-amino nitriles is applying the cross-dehydrogenative-coupling (CDC) reaction, which is advantageous since the imines are generated in situ via C-H bond activation thus precluding their separate synthesis from their respective amines. Actually, the strategy has been extensively studied and various catalytic systems including Cu, [3] Ru, [4] V, [5] Au, [6] I 2 , [7] Mn, [8] Co, [9] Fe, [10] thiourea, [11] and photo-catalyzed conditions, [12] etc. have been developed. However, the cyanide sources for most of these protocols were cyanide salt [4,10a,g-i,12c] or TMSCN, [6,8,12a,b,13] which are quite toxic and user unfriendly. Benzoyl cyanide, [10j] ferricyanide, [10e] potassium thiocyanate, [14] cyanobenziodoxolones, [15] and ethyl cyanoformate, [9,10b,c,f] have also been employed as the cyanic sources, but some of them were prepared from toxic cyanide salt, or quite expensive, or generated metal wastes during the

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Antifungal Effect of Essential Oils from Five Kinds of Rutaceae Plants – Avoiding Pesticide Residue and Resistance

Chen

et al. 2019

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Panax notoginseng root is a traditional Chinese herb, of which the yield and quality have been seriously affected by microorganisms, and is commonly used to treat various kinds of bleeding. In this experiment, the effects of the antifungal properties of essential oils (EOs) from five kinds of Rutaceae plants on the growth of three kinds of pathogens were studied to develop natural, environmentally friendly antifungal agents. Citrus medica EO was found to have stronger inhibitory effects on the growth of pathogenic fungi in vitro than other EOs with the Oxford cup method, of which the chemical composition was further investigated by GC/MS. The major components were d‐limonene (22.79 %) and γ‐terpinene (9.71 %). The antifungal activities were evaluated by MIC and FIC assays. In these assays, C. medica EO, d‐limonene and γ‐terpinene were effective against three pathogens of P. notoginseng with MIC values ranging from 0.12 to 12.05 mg/mL. The association between hymexazol and C. medica EO showed a high synergistic effect with lower FIC index values (FICi=0.31–2.00). Furthermore, C. medica EO was further assessed in P. notoginseng planted in a continuous cropping soil (CCS) and was found to reduce the disease incidence and disease severity compared with P. notoginseng planted in CCS only without EO addition. This finding suggested that C. medica EO has potential as a natural environmentally antifungal agent against pathogens of P. notoginseng, ensuring its safety.

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Synthesis of 2-hydroxymalononitrile

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Gradient polymer networks formed by photopolymerization with self‐floating polysiloxane‐containing nanogel

Gradient polymer networks formed by photopolymerization with self‐floating polysiloxane‐containing nanogel

α‐Cyanation of Aromatic Tertiary Amines using Malononitrile as a Low‐Toxic Cyanide Source under the Catalysis of NiGa Layered Double Oxide

Antifungal Effect of Essential Oils from Five Kinds of Rutaceae Plants – Avoiding Pesticide Residue and Resistance

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