Synthesis, electrochemical investigation and structural analysis of doped Li[Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2-M]O2 (x = 0, 0.05; M = Al, Fe, Sn) cathode materials

Eilers‐Rethwisch, Matthias; Winter, Martin; Schappacher, Falko M.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.02.080

Cited by 93 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Fergus [22] reviewed the effect of doping on the electrochemical performance of cathode materials pointing out that the analysis of doping effects is complicated by the dopant–host structure interrelations modifying the microstructure and morphology. Appropriate metal doping will improve the structural integrity of the oxide framework and hinders oxygen release, because of the higher M –O bond dissociation energy in the M O 6 octahedron [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doped Nanoscale NMC333 as Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

et al. 2019

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A series of Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)1−xMxO2 (M = Al, Mg, Zn, and Fe, x = 0.06) was prepared via sol-gel method assisted by ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid as a chelating agent. A typical hexagonal α-NaFeO2 structure (R-3m space group) was observed for parent and doped samples as revealed by X-ray diffraction patterns. For all samples, hexagonally shaped nanoparticles were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The local structure was characterized by infrared, Raman, and Mössbauer spectroscopy and 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance (Li-NMR). Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests showed that Mg and Al doping improved the electrochemical performance of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 in terms of specific capacities and cyclability. In addition, while Al doping increases the initial capacity, Mg doping is the best choice as it improves cyclability for reasons discussed in this work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doped Nanoscale NMC333 as Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

et al. 2019

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“…b) Lattice parameter trends, DSC curves, and cycle performance of NCM‐622 cathode materials with different dopants (Al, Fe, and Sn) and the illustration of Li‐interlayer movement ( c ‐axis). Reproduced with permission 189. Copyright 2018, Elsevier.…”

Section: Service Life Of Ni‐rich Ncm For Libsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eilers-Rethwisch et al [189] reported a research of NCM-622 cathode materials doped with Al, Fe, and Sn by a coprecipitation method. These materials all show a hexagonal α-NaFeO 2 phase.…”

Section: Doping Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And many elements have been reported doped into the Ni‐rich NCM cathode materials to improve their cycle performance, such as B,42 F,165,179,180 Na91,97 Mg,114,161,181 Al,43,181,182 Si,181,183 S,184 Ca,185 Ti,164,181 V,181 Cr,161 Mn,186 Mo,90,98 Sn,187 Nb,148,170 Ga,181 Y,110 Zr,40,163,181 Ce,93 Al–Mg,162,188 Al–Fe,156 and Mg–Al–B 147. There are several mechanisms for improving the cycle performance: 1) Inactive elements can substitute the unstable elements (Ni and Li) in the Ni‐rich NCM system to hold the original structure;185,189 2) fixing the primary particles of cathode materials to relieve the evolution of cracks 42…”

Section: Service Life Of Ni‐rich Ncm For Libsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ni‐Rich/Co‐Poor Layered Cathode for Automotive Li‐Ion Batteries: Promises and Challenges

Wang

Ding

Deng

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

293

218

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To pursue a higher energy density (>300 Wh kg−1 at the cell level) and a lower cost (<$125 kWh−1 expected at 2022) of Li‐ion batteries for making electric vehicles (EVs) long range and cost‐competitive with internal combustion engine vehicles, developing Ni‐rich/Co‐poor layered cathode (LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2, x+y ≤ 0.2) is currently one of the most promising strategies because high Ni content is beneficial to high capacity (>200 mAh g−1) while low Co content is favorable to minimize battery cost. Unfortunately, Ni‐rich cathodes suffer from limited structure stability and electrode/electrolyte interface stability in the charged state, leading to electrode degradation and poor cycling performance. To address these problems, various strategies have been employed such as doping, structural optimization design (e.g., core–shell structure, concentration‐gradient structure, etc.), and surface coating. In this review, five key aspects of Ni‐rich/Co‐poor layered cathode materials are explored: energy density, fast charge capability, service life including cycling life and calendar life, cost and element resources, and safety. This enables a comprehensive analysis of current research advances and challenges from the perspective of both academy and industry to help facilitate practical applications for EVs in the future.

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Fluorination of Ni‐Rich Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials by Fluorine Gas: Chemistry, Characterization, and Electrochemical Performance in Full‐cells

Breddemann

Sicklinger

Schipper

et al. 2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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The mild fluorination of Ni‐rich NCM CAMs (NCM=nickel‐cobalt‐manganese oxide; CAM=cathode active material) with a few hundred mbar of elementary fluorine gas (F2) at room temperature was systematically studied. The resulting fluorinated CAMs were fully analyzed and compared to the pristine ones. Fluorination at room temperature converts part of the soluble basic species on the CAM‐surface into a protecting thin and amorphous LiF film. No formation of a metal fluoride other than LiF was detected. SEM images revealed a smoothened CAM surface upon fluorination, possibly due to the LiF film formation. Apparently due to this protecting, but insulating LiF‐film, the fluorinated material has a reduced electrical conductivity in comparison to the pristine material. Yet, all fluorinated Ni‐rich NCM CAMs showed a considerably higher press density than the pristine material, which in addition increased with higher fluoride concentrations. In addition, fluorination of the Ni‐rich CAMs led to the chemically induced formation of small amounts of water, which according to TGA‐MS‐measurements can be removed by heating the material to 450 °C for a few hours. Overall, the tested fluorinated NCM 811 samples showed improved electrochemical performance over the pristine samples in full‐cells with graphite anodes at 30 °C and 45 °C after 500 cycles. Moreover, the fluorination apparently reduces Mn and Co cross talk from the CAM to the anode active material (AAM) through the electrolyte during charge/discharge.

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Synthesis, electrochemical investigation and structural analysis of doped Li[Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2-M]O2 (x = 0, 0.05; M = Al, Fe, Sn) cathode materials

Cited by 93 publications

References 57 publications

Doped Nanoscale NMC333 as Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

Doped Nanoscale NMC333 as Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

Ni‐Rich/Co‐Poor Layered Cathode for Automotive Li‐Ion Batteries: Promises and Challenges

Fluorination of Ni‐Rich Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials by Fluorine Gas: Chemistry, Characterization, and Electrochemical Performance in Full‐cells

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