Synthesis, crystal structure and spectral studies of silver(I) cyclohexyldiphenylphosphine complexes: towards the biological evaluation on malignant and non-malignant cells

Abstract

Cancer is a fast-growing disease responsible for many deaths worldwide. Due to its aggressive and forever-changing nature, it is imperative to find alternative anti-cancer agents that could possibly treat this disease. Silver(I) phosphine complexes were synthesized by reaction of AgNO3, AgCl, and AgBr with cyclohexyldiphenylphosphine to produce 1:1, 1:2, or 1:3 molar ratios of new silver complexes with the formulas [Ag(PPh2Cy)NO3] (1), [Ag(PPh2Cy)2NO3] (2), [Ag(PPh2Cy)3NO3] (3), [Ag(PPh2Cy)2Cl] (4), [Ag(PPh2Cy)3Cl] (5), and [Ag(PPh2Cy)3Br] (6), respectively. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR and 1 H, 13 C, 31 P NMR spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structures of 5 (CCDC 1480482) and 6 (CCDC 2183297) were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. All six complexes were evaluated as potential anti-cancer agents in four different human malignant (SNO, MCF-7, A375, and A549) cell lines and one human non-malignant (HEK293) cell line. Overall, these complexes were significantly cytotoxic to both cancerous and noncancerous cells and are therefore not considered suitable anti-cancer agents in their current form.

Silver(I) Bromide Phosphines Induce Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis in Malignant Human Colorectal Cells

“…A stock solution of 3.33 mM of CDDP was prepared in 0.9% (w/v) filtered saline (NaCl) solution followed by heating at 20 • C for 24 h. Stock solutions were kept in the dark at 4 • C and complexes were heated at 70 • C for 30 min prior to experimental treatments. Previous studies using single NMR and IR with related silver(I) complexes have revealed that heating did not change the conformation of the complexes [28]. Control studies using the uncoordinated salt, AgBr, were excluded due to the salt's poor solubility in DMSO.…”