“…In recent years, as an intriguing class of hybrid inorganicorganic materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been studied intensively (Li et al, 2014b;Liu et al, 2019) due to their versatile nature and outstanding potential applications in many fields, such as luminescence (Cui et al, 2016), proton conduction (Li et al, 2017;Sun et al, 2016), ferroelectricity (Shi et al, 2019), magnetism (Mínguez Espallargas & Coronado, 2018), photocatalysis (Qian et al, 2019) and gas storage and separation (Lin et al, 2019). Luminescent MOFs can generate photoluminescence and further act as luminescence sensing materials (Zhang et al, 2018), and have been investigated extensively in the sensing of toxic pollutants, such as inorganic heavy metal ions and small organic molecules (Pan et al, 2019;Yang et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2016Zhao et al, , 2019d, and play important roles in the protection of the environment and human health (Gao et al, 2019;Hu et al, 2014).…”