Chemical contextOver the past few decades, borate materials have attracted increasing interest owing to their promising applications in non-linear optical materials, birefringent materials, ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials, and host materials for luminescence (Becker, 1998;Chen et al., 1999). In general, boron atoms can be coordinated by either three or four oxygen atoms forming BO 3 or BO 4 groups, respectively. These groups may interconnect with each other via common oxygen atoms to produce polyborate anionic groups that can adopt different coordination modes to bind to metal cations. The crystal chemistry of the resultant borates is rich, including infinite chains, sheets or networks for the anionic groups. For instance, in a series of pentaborates with general composition A 3 MB 5 O 10 (A = Na, K; M = Mg, Zn, Cd, Co, and Fe), at least three kinds of structure types have been reported, including K 2 NaZnB 5 O 10 in space group C2/c (Chen et al., 2010), -Na 3 ZnB 5 O 10 , Na 3 CoB 5 O 10 and K 3 MB 5 O 10 (M = Zn, Cd) in space group P2 1 /n (Chen et al., 2007a;Strauss et al., 2016;Yu et al., 2011), and -Na 3 ZnB 5 O 10 as well as Na 3 MB 5 O 10 (M = Mg, Fe) in space group Pbca (Chen et al., 2007bStrauss et al., 2016 5À groups through sharing all of the terminal O atoms, thus forming infinite sheets with an overall composition of [(Zn/Cd)B 5 O 10 ] n 3nÀ , as depicted in Fig. 2. The symmetry-equivalent (zinc/cadmium) borate sheets propagate in the ab plane and stack along the c axis. The sheets also afford intersecting open channels running parallel to the a-and b-axis directions. Fig. 3 shows a projection of the structure along [100]. Na2 + cations reside in these channels and Na1 + and Na3 + cations are situated at the voids between the sheets to provide charge compensation. The crystal structure of Na 3 Zn 0.912 Cd 0.088 B 5 O 10 projected along [100]. Na1 atoms: violet spheres; Na2 atoms: blue spheres; Na3 atoms: grey spheres; (Zn/Cd) atoms: green spheres; BO 3 groups: navy triangles; BO 4 groups: magenta tetrahedra.