Synthesis, characterization and low frequency a.c. conduction of polyaniline/fly ash composites

Abstract

In situ polymerization of aniline was carried out in the presence of fly ash (FA) to synthesize polyaniline/fly ash (PANI/FA) composites. The PANI/FA composites have been synthesized with various compositions (15, 20, 30 and 40 wt%) of FA in PANI. The composites, thus synthesized have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The morphology of these samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Further the a.c. conductivity of these composites have been investigated in the frequency range 10 2-10 6 Hz. The presence of polarons and bipolarons are made responsible for frequency dependence of a.c. conductivity in these composites. The Cole-Cole plots indicate clear shift in the distribution of relaxation times as the wt% of FA in PANI changes. These composites show almost symmetric semicircles of Cole-Cole plots indicating the Debye-type relaxation in their polarization response.

Synthesis, characterization and a.c. conductivity of polypyrrole/Y2O3 composites

“…The trend of the conductivities of conducting polymer/ oxide composites is also same in case of polyaniline/fly ash (Raghavendra et al 2003). They explained conductivity on the basis of the electron hopping mechanism.…”

“…Some of these modifications involve preparing hybrid materials in which organic materials and inorganic oxides or salts of different metals, viz. SnO 2 (Bhattacharya et al 1996), CeO 2 (Galembeck and Oswaldo 1997), V 2 O 5 (Harreld et al 1999), TiO 2 (Su and Kuramoto 2000), fly ash composites (Raghavendra et al 2003), Fe 3 O 4 , ZrO 2 (De et al 2004) etc combine in some special fashion with the conducting polymers to give rise to the composites. In almost all the cases some specific nature of association between the two components have been observed.…”

Electrochemical characterization and the investigation of corrosion inhibition property of pani-fa matrix composite

“…The method used to prepare PANI-FA was by chemical oxidization method (Raghavendra et al, 2003). Aniline was prepared in 2 M HCl solution.…”

Microscopic Studies of Polyaniline-poly-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid/ Flyash Composites Containing Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid

“…Whereas in the case of PAA, PAF-10 and PAF-20, the values decrease from a higher value to a lower and PAA is at the lower side compared to PAF-10 and PAF-20. This observation is not consistent with the Mott's variable range of hopping process [24][25][26][27] . The trend in the behaviour of TCR in both PANI-PNA/ Al2O3 and PAF are similar with a small change in the magnitude.…”