Synthesis, Characterization and Investigation of Different Properties of Three Novel Thiourea‐Based Non‐ionic Surfactants

Abstract

Three novel thiourea‐based non‐ionic surfactants, 3‐decanoyl‐1,1‐diphenylthiourea, 3‐dodecanoyl‐1,1‐diphenylthiourea and 1,1‐diphenyl‐3‐tetradecanoylthiourea were synthesized from carbonyl chlorides, potassium thiocyanate and amines in high yield. The synthesized compounds were characterized by different techniques like 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR and UV‐Visible spectrophotometry. These surfactants are soluble in nonpolar and polar organic solvents and resist solubility in water due to the presence of thiourea group. Electronic absorption spectroscopy was used to evaluate their critical micelle concentration (CMC) in different solvents. The CMC was found to decrease with increase in hydrophobic carbon chain length as expected. Moreover, the effect of pH on their spectral transition was investigated and the two peaks were found to merge in highly alkaline conditions.

Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfanilamide‐Based Nonionic Surfactants and Evaluation of Their Nano‐Vesicular Drug Loading Application

“…Results indicate that the CMC values increased with decreasing lipophilicity of the synthesized nonionic surfactants. The results are in accordance with the reported literature showing that CMC depends upon the lipophilicity of surfactants and with the increasing of lipophilicity of surfactants the CMC decreased (Ullah et al, 2014). Surfactants revealing lower values of CMC are preferred due to superior solubilization, emulsification, wettability, and detergency (Munir et al, 2014).…”

Synthesis of Sulfur‐Based Biocompatible Nonionic Surfactants and Their Nano‐Vesicle Drug Delivery

“…This variation in CMC can be linked to the increased lipophilicity of DAP-T (C-14) as compared to that of DAP-D (C-10). It is well documented that the CMCs of the surfactants decrease with increase in carbon chain length [2]. Surfactants with lower CMCs demonstrate excellent cleaning, wetting, and emulsifying properties [19].…”

“…Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules which have a hydrophilic head group and a lipophilic tail in their structures and are capable of interacting with polar as well as nonpolar compounds [1]. Among them, nonionic surfactants have found a wide variety of applications in foods, agriculture, manufacturing industries, paints, and drug delivery [2]. Currently, nonionic surfactants have attracted particular scientific attention owing to their high safety profile, enhanced biocompatibility, and low cost of production [3,4].…”

Surface, aggregation properties and antimicrobial activity of four novel thiourea-based non-ionic surfactants

“…A double beam UV-Visible spectrophotometer was used to record the absorbance spectra of surfactant solutions as a function of concentration over a wavelength range of 200 and 800 nm. It has been previously shown [21,22] that a discontinuity in absorbance versus concentration is seen due to micellization, thus providing an effective and facile method for locating the CMC. The UV-visible spectrum of the compound in ethanol at room temperature is presented in Fig.…”