Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfanilamide‐Based Nonionic Surfactants and Evaluation of Their Nano‐Vesicular Drug Loading Application

Abstract

Nonionic surfactants are highly stable and cost‐effective and receiving acceptance for applications in many diverse fields including drug delivery, due to their distinctive properties. Here, we report on the synthesis and characterization of sulfanilamide‐based nonionic surfactants for nanoscale vesicular drug loading applications. Nonionic surfactants were synthesized through alkylation of sulfanilamide with alkyl halides that possessed diverse degrees of lipophilicity. They were explored for their nanovesicular drug loading with Cefixime as a hydrophobic model drug. Drug‐loaded nanovesicles were characterized for surface morphologies, size, size distribution, surface charge, and drug loading efficiency using atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV–visible spectrophotometry. All of the synthesized nonionic surfactants revealed their CMC values in 0.055–0.035 mM range depending upon the lipophilic chain length of surfactants. They caused a decreased hemoglobin release and low toxicity against cell culture. They self‐assembled and loaded an increased amount of drug in the form of nanorange spherical shape niosomal vesicles. Results of the current study verify these synthesized nonionic surfactants are hemocompatible, nontoxic, and capable of self‐assembling into nanorange niosomal vesicles. These niosomal vesicles can be suggested as safe and highly efficient nanocarriers for hydrophobic drug loading and delivery.

P‐toluenesulfonychloride‐based niosomes for Amphotericin‐B against Leishmaniasis

“…The addition of cholesterol also plays a vital role in providing rigidness to the bilayer. It also leads to increased encapsulation of a larger amount of drug, and also prevent drug leakage from vesicles (Abdelkader et al, 2014; Ali, Saifullah, et al, 2020; Aramaki et al, 2015; Manconi et al, 2006).…”