Synthesis, characteristic and antibacterial activity of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan and its carboxymethyl derivatives

Electrokinetic properties of fibres functionalised by chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles

“…These results again imply that mechanism of chitosan's (Fras-Zemljic et al 2011) In general, the microorganisms' inhibition, achieved by TMC-coated fibres (Table 5), is lower compared to the fibres treated with CS (Table 4). These results are opposing to the ones previously published, reporting the stronger activity of TMC compared to CS (Sadeghi et al 2008;Xu et al 2010). Published research mostly deals with comparison of minimal inhibitory concentration MIC of CS and TMC derivatives; a detailed study on their antimicrobial effects when applied onto fibres was not yet performed.…”

“…Thus its activity again E. Coli may be attributed to a coating of nano-size particles and higher specific area available for microbial reduction. However, better activity of chitosan and its derivatives against Gram-positive (S. Aureus) compared to Gramnegative bacteria (E. Coli) was already reported (Raafat and Sahl 2009;Tayel et al 2010b;Xu et al 2010). This is due to the presence of outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria which acts as an efficient barrier towards the environmental impact.…”

“…However, the pH-dependent solubility is the main disadvantage for its processing in neutral and basic environment. Thus, chemical modifications, such as carboxylation (Liu et al 2007(Liu et al , 2001, and methylation (Jintapattanakit et al 2008;Xu et al 2010) of the amino groups, have been widely explored for increasing water solubility and charge density of the polymer. One of the most attractive chitosan derivate is a partially quaternized derivative of chitosan obtained by nucleophilic substitution of the primary amino group on the C-2 position with quaternary amino group (Dehousse et al 2010a).…”

Preparation, characterization and application of the novel chitosan derivative modified with phenylalanine

“…The methods above could weaken the antimicrobial activity or have a limited effect under alkaline condition [22]. Phenylalanine, one of the eight essential amino acids, is not able to be synthesized in human body.…”

N,N,N-Trimethyl Chitosan and Its Potential Bactericidal Activity: Current Aspects and Technological Applications

“…TMC may exhibit bactericidal activity up to 700 times greater than the neat chitosan. This property is intrinsically linked to -+ N(CH 3 ) 3 quaternary groups existence in its network and some studies show that larger N-quaternized fraction, better bactericidal performance is reached i.e., the higher TMC quaternization degree (DQ) promotes higher bactericidal power [7]. Factors as, molar weight [8], specie types toward -+ N(CH 3 ) 3 sites (counterion types) [9], synthesis methodology, as well as, the adopted purification process [10], and culture assay conditions (temperature and ionic strength) [8] can change the TMC antimicrobial capacity.…”