Angiotensin I is known to undergo a reversible conformational transition and a change in potency in rat uterus in vitro with pK -6.5. We have shown by carbon-13 NMR that the conformational transition involves all-trans to partly cis isomerization of the His6-Pro7 peptide bond. Isomerization from all-trans at pH 6.8 to "16% cis at pH 8.0 is therefore correlated with a 10-fold increase in biological activity for [Asp',IJeWJ angiotensin II in rat uterus in vitro. Isomerization from all-trans at pH 6.8 to "16% cis at pH 8.0 in the competitive inhibitor [Phe4,Tyr8Jangiotensin II is correlated with exhibition of virtually no agonist activity at low pH to full agonist activity at high pH. An angiotensin II conformation with Pro7 in the cis form may therefore be the conformation with maximal binding or biological activity at the cellular receptor.Our understanding of the physical and chemical basis for the biological activity of angiotensin II has progressed along two largely independent pathways. The investigation of the biological activity of a large number of analogs (summarized in refs. 1-3) has clarified the role that various residues or groups of residues play in that activity. The investigation of the solution conformation of angiotensin II and of various analogs has made use of most biophysical methods available (summarized in refs. 4 and 5), and several models for the solution conformation have been proposed (5-9). Although most investigators agree that a compact and more or less rigid conformation does exist, no agreement on a definite model has been reached. We suggest that the biological potency of "native" angiotensin II § and of [Phe4,Tyr8]angiotensin II as a function of pH may be related to the amount of cis configuration of Pro7 present in solution. The [Phe4,Tyr8] analog of angiotensin II has been observed to be an antagonist at low pH and an agonist above pH 7 (11).The present study is based on our earlier observations (10) that at low pH in aqueous solution angiotensin II is present in a conformation having proline in the trans configuration and above pH 6.5 two conformations are observed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), an abundant conformation (88%) with proline in the trans configuration and a minor conformation (12%) with proline in the cis configuration. The evidence for this conclusion was that the carbon-13 NMR spectrum at and above neutral pH of the COOH-terminal hexapeptide fragment of [Val5]angiotensin II showed a resonance of the required intensity at the position expected for proline C-'y when proline is in the cis configuration. The pH dependence of the conformation of angiotensin observed by NMR is well documented (4,5,(12)(13)(14) and the possible relationship of this conformational change with pK -6.5 to myotropic activity has been discussed (5, 13). We show here by '3C NMR that both [Asp1,Tyr8]angiotensin II isomerize from alltrans at acidic p2H to partly cis at alkaline p2H and that this isomerization is reported by the His6 C-2 (and C-4) protons. Other conformational...