The Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) is generally thought to rely on olfactory cues to locate carrion. Because vertically rising odorants are dispersed rapidly by wind turbulence, we predict that Turkey Vultures should be highly sensitive to these chemicals to detect them at foraging altitudes. Olfactory thresholds to three by-products of animal decomposition (1× 10-6 M for butanoic acid and ethanethiol, and 1× 10-5-5 M for trimethylamine) were determined from heart-rate responses. These relatively high thresholds indicate that these odorants are probably not cues for foraging Turkey Vultures. Odorant thresholds, food habits of Turkey Vultures, and the theoretical properties of odorant dispersion cast some doubt on the general importance of olfaction in food location by this species.

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due to an increased physical expansion of the molecule at low ionic strength over the values observed at high ionic strength.In summary, at ionic strengths in excess of 0.07 with a 1%BSA solution, BSA expands as the pH is lowered below the isoelectric point. No further physical expansion occurs when the ionic strength is lowered.

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