Synthesis, Bioanalysis and Biodistribution of Photosensitizer Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy

Denis, Tyler G. St.; Hamblin, Michael R.

doi:10.4155/bio.13.37

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Actively targeting the PS to the tumor site by conjugation with a tumor specific antibody makes it possible to have high levels of the PS accumulate at the tumor cell surface with minimal binding to non-target sites [20]. Such strategies were developed and tested successfully in several in vitro and in vivo models [33,36,47]. Recently we developed a dye-immunoconjugate covalently linking the near IR absorbing water-soluble phthalocyanine derivative, IR700, to trastuzumab (antiHER2) or panatumumab (antiEGFR1) and showed that in tumor cells expressing the receptor selective cell death could be achieved with PIT, however, unconjugated IR700 had no effect [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of oxygen dependence on in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of photoimmunotherapy using IR-700–antibody conjugates

Kishimoto

Bernardo

Saito

et al. 2015

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) using the near infrared-absorbing photosensitizing phthalocyanine dye, IRDye 700DX (IR700) conjugated with a tumor-targeting antibody such as Panitumumab (Pan) has shown efficacy in vitro studies and several pre-clinical models in mice with promise for clinical translation. PIT results in rapid necrotic cell death in vitro and tumor shrinkage in vivo. Photochemical studies with the Pan-IR700 conjugate showed that this agent can support generation of singlet oxygen and also generate reactive oxygen species after exposure to near infra-red (NIR) light. Moreover, in vitro studies using A431 cells, singlet oxygen scavengers abrogated the efficacy of PIT with Pan-IR700, while oxygen depletion to undetectable levels in an exposure chamber almost completely inhibited the cellular cytotoxicity of PIT. Survival of tumor bearing mice was prolonged in PIT treated animals but mice whose tumors were made transiently hypoxic prior to PIT had no benefit from the treatment. The results from this study support a central role for molecular oxygen derived species in cell death caused by PIT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of oxygen dependence on in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of photoimmunotherapy using IR-700–antibody conjugates

Kishimoto

Bernardo

Saito

et al. 2015

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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“…7 The toxicity and reactivity of ROS compounds cause damage to cell membranes, inhibiting cell division systems and breaking DNA cell chains. 8,9 Damaged cell membranes provide photosensitizer opportunities transplanted into cells, and thereby damaging organelles such as lysosomes, mitochondria, and nuclei. 10,11 For C. albicans cells, cell membrane damage caused by ROS compounds causes oxidative stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficacy of Photodynamic Inactivation of the Diode Laser in Inactivation of the Candida albicans Biofilms With Exogenous Photosensitizer of Papaya Leaf Chlorophyll

et al. 2019

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Introduction: Photodynamic inactivation has been developed to kill pathogenic microbes. In addition, some techniques have been introduced to minimize the biofilm resistance to antifungal properties in inhibiting cell growth. The principle of photodynamic inactivation different to antifungal drugs therapy which is resistant to biofilms. The presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that generating in photodynamic inactivation mechanisms can be damaging of biofilm cells and the principle of light transmission that could be penetrating in matrix layers of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) until reaching the target cells at the base layers of biofilm. The present work aims to explore the potential of chlorophyll extract of papaya leaf as an exogenous photosensitizer to kill the Candida albicans biofilms after being activated by the laser. The potential of chlorophyll photosensitizer was evaluated based on the efficacy of inactivation C. albicans biofilm cell through a cell viability test and an organic compound test. Methods: The treatment of photoinactivation was administered to 12 groups of C. albicans biofilm for four days using the 445 nm laser and the 650 nm laser. The 445 nm and 650 nm lasers activated the chlorophyll extract of the papaya leaf (0.5 mg/L) at the same energy density. The energy density variation was determined as 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 J/cm2 with the duration of exposure of each laser adjusted to the absorbance percentage of chlorophyll extract of the papaya leaf. Results: The absorbance percentage of chlorophyll extracts of the papaya leaf on wavelengths of 650 nm and 445 nm respectively were 22.26% and 60.29%, respectively. The most effective treated group was a group of the laser with the addition of chlorophyll, done by the 650 nm lasers with inactivation about 32% (P=0.001), while the 445 nm lasers only 25% (P=0.061). The maximum malondialdehyde levels by treatment of the laser 650 nm were (0.046±0.004) nmol/mg. Conclusion: The use of chlorophyll extract of the papaya leaf as a photosensitizer, resulted in the maximum spectrum of absorption at 414 nm and 668 nm, which produced a maximum reduction effect after photoinactivation up to 32% (with chlorophyll) and 25% (without chlorophyll). The utilization of chlorophyll extract of the papaya leaf would increase the antifungal effects with the activation by the diode laser in the biofilm of C. albicans

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“…Serious shortcomings of this first PS (reviewed by Nyman and Hynninen [93]) stimulated intensive research into the development of compounds which can fulfill as many as possible of the formulated requirements for a good PS [94]. Significant success has been achieved in several aspects: (1) synthesis of stable PSs absorbing light in the red and NIR region of the spectrum (650-800 nm), which penetrates deeper into the tissues [52,95,96], (2) improvement of the selectivity (increasing the target/healthy tissue ratio) and (3) accelerating elimination from the body in order to reduce side effects [97,98,99,100]. Increased understanding of the mechanisms of the photodynamic action at cellular and molecular levels helped in formulating strategies for further improvement of PSs.…”

Section: Photosensitizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Therapy: Current Status and Future Directions

Benov¹

2014

Med Princ Pract

343

299

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic modality used for the management of a variety of cancers and benign diseases. The destruction of unwanted cells and tissues in PDT is achieved by the use of visible or near-infrared radiation to activate a light-absorbing compound (a photosensitizer, PS), which, in the presence of molecular oxygen, leads to the production of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species. These cytotoxic species damage and kill target cells. The development of new PSs with properties optimized for PDT applications is crucial for the improvement of the therapeutic outcome. This review outlines the principles of PDT and discusses the relationship between the structure and physicochemical properties of a PS, its cellular uptake and subcellular localization, and its effect on PDT outcome and efficacy.

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Synthesis, Bioanalysis and Biodistribution of Photosensitizer Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy

Cited by 34 publications

References 56 publications

Evaluation of oxygen dependence on in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of photoimmunotherapy using IR-700–antibody conjugates

Evaluation of oxygen dependence on in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of photoimmunotherapy using IR-700–antibody conjugates

The Efficacy of Photodynamic Inactivation of the Diode Laser in Inactivation of the Candida albicans Biofilms With Exogenous Photosensitizer of Papaya Leaf Chlorophyll

Photodynamic Therapy: Current Status and Future Directions

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