Synthesis, applications and potential photoluminescence mechanism of spectrally tunable carbon dots

Zhi, Bo; Yao, Xiaobo; Cui, Yi; Orr, Galya; Haynes, Christy L.

doi:10.1039/c9nr05028k

Cited by 103 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 202 publications

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“…[ 30 ] However, there is also some controversy over the size at which a graphene sheet starts to exhibit quantum confinement effects. As shown in Table 1 , the definitions given in previous reports relate to GQDs thicknesses of 1 layer, [ 31 ] 1 or 2 layers, [ 29 ] or less than 10 layers . Similarly, the definitions used for the lateral sizes of the GQDs are given as < 10, [ 29,32 ] 20, [ 2b ] or 100 nm.…”

Section: Definition Of Cqdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon‐Based Quantum Dots with Solid‐State Photoluminescent: Mechanism, Implementation, and Application

Wang

et al. 2020

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Carbon‐based quantum dots (CQDs), including spherical carbon dots and graphene quantum dots, are an emerging class of photoluminescent (PL) materials with unique properties. Great progress has been made in the design and fabrication of high‐performance CQDs, however, the challenge of developing solid‐state PL CQDs have aroused great interest among researchers. A clear PL mechanism is the basis for the development of high‐performance solid‐state CQDs for light emission and is also a prerequisite for the realization of multiple practical applications. However, the extremely complex structure of a CQD greatly limits the understanding of the solid‐state PL mechanism of CQDs. So far, a variety of models have been proposed to explain the PL of solid‐state CQDs, but they have not been unified. This review summarizes the current understanding of the solid‐state PL of solid‐state CQDs from the perspective of energy band theory and electronic transitions. In addition, the common strategies for realizing solid‐state PL in CQDs are also summarized. Furthermore, the applications of CQDs in the fields of light‐emitting devices, anti‐counterfeiting, fingerprint detection, etc., are proposed. Finally, a brief outlook is given, highlighting current problems, and directions for development of solid‐state PL of CQDs.

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Section: Definition Of Cqdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon‐Based Quantum Dots with Solid‐State Photoluminescent: Mechanism, Implementation, and Application

Wang

et al. 2020

Small

171

137

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“…The method has the advantage of facile control of the particle size of the CQDs by artificially altering the irradiating laser pulse width (duty cycle) [116] . Apart from this, the method enables the as‐synthesized CQDs to be applied in heavy metal‐ion sensing because of the high phototunability of the products [117] . However, laser ablation also requires a significant number of man‐hours, comes with high costs, and usually yields CQDs with relatively low photoemission Φs.…”

Section: Synthetic Approaches To Cqds: Top‐down Versus Bottom‐upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emission wavelength and the corresponding Φ of surface‐emitting CQDs are also greatly affected by varying the surface structures (i. e., by the presence of different functionalities) of the CQDs as a result of HOMO‐LUMO gap differences [101,115,117,129] . In this regard, based on both theoretical and empirical studies, Jeon and his research group [142] highlighted the notion that the as‐synthesized CQDs display a red‐shift upon increasing the ratio of N atoms (‐NH 2 moieties) against the sp 2 carbon core – see, for example, Figure 9 [101] .…”

Section: Reaction and Emission Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoluminescent Carbon Quantum Dots: Synthetic Approaches and Photophysical Properties

Hagiwara

Horikoshi

Serpone

2021

Chemistry A European J

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A number of synthetic methodologies and applications of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been reported since they were first discovered nearly two decades ago. Unlike metal‐based or semiconductor‐based (e. g., metal chalcogenides) quantum dots (MSQDs), CQDs have the unique feature of being prepared through a variety of synthetic protocols, which are typically understood from considerations of reaction models and photoluminescence mechanisms. Consequently, this brief review article describes quantum dots, in general, and CQDs, in particular, from various viewpoints: (i) their definition, (ii) their photophysical properties, and (iii) the superiority of CQDs over MSQDs. Where possible, comparisons are made between CQDs and MSQDs. First, however, the review begins with a general brief description of quantum dots (QDs) as nanomaterials (sizes≤10 nm), followed by a short description of MSQDs and CQDs. Described subsequently are the various top‐down and bottom‐up approaches to synthesize CQDs followed by their distinctive photophysical properties (emission spectra; quantum yields, Φs).

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“…Moreover, CDs are very promising as a carrier system that can deliver different therapeutic agents. CDs conjugated with therapeutic agents attempt to serve a theranostic function in the delivery of chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), gene therapy, and radiation therapy [7,[123][124][125][126][127]. © The Royal Society of Chemistry [13].…”

Section: In Vivo Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotheranostic Carbon Dots as an Emerging Platform for Cancer Therapy

Adrita

Tasnim

Ryu

et al. 2020

JNT

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Cancer remains one of the most deadly diseases globally, but carbon-based nanomaterials have the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and therapy. Advances in nanotechnology and a better understanding of tumor microenvironments have contributed to novel nanotargeting routes that may bring new hope to cancer patients. Several low-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials have shown promising preclinical results; as such, low-dimensional carbon dots (CDs) and their derivatives are considered up-and-coming candidates for cancer treatment. The unique properties of carbon-based nanomaterials are high surface area to volume ratio, chemical inertness, biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity. It makes them well suited for delivering chemotherapeutics in cancer treatment and diagnosis. Recent studies have shown that the CDs are potential applicants in biomedical sciences, both as nanocarriers and nanotransducers. This review covers the most commonly used CD nanoparticles in nanomedicines intended for the early diagnosis and therapy of cancer.

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Synthesis, applications and potential photoluminescence mechanism of spectrally tunable carbon dots

Abstract: Due to the prominent characteristics of carbon dots, such as inexpensive precursors, low toxicity, and intrinsic fluorescence, they are regarded as potential candidates to replace traditional quantum dots.

Cited by 103 publications

References 202 publications

Carbon‐Based Quantum Dots with Solid‐State Photoluminescent: Mechanism, Implementation, and Application

Carbon‐Based Quantum Dots with Solid‐State Photoluminescent: Mechanism, Implementation, and Application

Photoluminescent Carbon Quantum Dots: Synthetic Approaches and Photophysical Properties

Nanotheranostic Carbon Dots as an Emerging Platform for Cancer Therapy

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