Synthesis and theoretical studies on nitrogen-rich salts of bis[4-nitraminofurazanyl-3-azoxy]azofurazan (ADNAAF)

Abstract

Multi-furazan compounds bis[4-nitramino- furazanyl-3-azoxy]azofurazan (ADNAAF) and its derivatives were first synthesized by our research group, and their structures were characterized by IR, H-NMR,C-NMR spectrums, and element analysis. ADNAAF was synthesized by nitration reaction of bis[4-aminofurazanyl-3-azoxy]azofurazan (ADAAF), and then reacted with ammonium hydroxide, hydrazine hydrate, and guanidine nitrate to obtain three salts marked as salt 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The thermal stabilities of the three salts were supported by the results of DSC analysis, which shows the decomposition temperatures are all above 190 °C. Their densities, enthalpies of formation, and detonation properties were studied by density functional theory (DFT) method. Salt 1 has the best detonation pressure (P), 37.42 GPa, and detonation velocity (D), 8.88 km/s, while salt 2 has the best nitrogen content and heat of detonation (Q), 1.27 kcal mol. The detonation properties of salt 1 is similar to that of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazineane (RDX). It means that the ammonium cation can provide the better D and P than the cation of hydrazine and guanidine. The three cations offer the enthalpies of formations in the order of hydrazinium > guanidinium > ammonium. Graphical Abstract Nitrogen-rich salts of bis[4-nitraminofurazanyl-3-azoxy]azofurazan(ADNAAF).

Novel High-Nitrogen Content Energetic Compounds with High Detonation and Combustion Performance for Use in Plastic Bonded Explosives (PBXs) and Composite Solid Propellants

“…Δ fus S = 39.99 + 5.88c + 1.22d -23.86Δ fus S non-add (5) where Δ fus S is the entropy of fusion in J/K•mol and Δ fus S non-add is a non-additive correcting function [26]. The predicted entropies of fusion for compounds 1 to 5 are given in Table 1, which are consistent with the predicted results for T m and ΔH fus .…”

“…Nitrogen-rich energetic compounds are important for the explosives industries and users in recent years because they have suitable safety [1], detonation and combustion performances [2], oxygen balances [3], thermochemical properties [4] and high nitrogen content [5]. But the synthesis of these compounds is very costly and time-consuming [6,7].…”

Interaksi Molekuler Amonium Hidroksida

“…Nilai S 0 bersifat absolut, tidak seperti entalpi pembentukan (160)(161)(162)(163)(164)(165) . Dimana keadaan standar suatu unsur nilainya tidak sama dengan nol yang pasti S berada pada suhu ruanagn.Struktur kristal murni mempunyai nilai entropi 0 J/molK pada suhu 0 K, menurut hukum termodinamika ketiga (166)(167)(168)(169) .…”

Combination of 3-Aminofurazan-4-carboxylic Acid and Transition Metals to Prepare Functional Energetic Catalysts for Catalyzing the Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

“…Oxadiazole is a five-membered planar nitrogen heterocyclic structure that contains two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. 30,31 The existence of oxygen atoms can improve the intramolecular oxygen balance. 32,33 The abundance of C�N, N−O bonds indicates a high enthalpy of formation, which is the source of high energy.…”

“…Oxadiazole is a five-membered planar nitrogen heterocyclic structure that contains two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. , The existence of oxygen atoms can improve the intramolecular oxygen balance. , The abundance of CN, N–O bonds indicates a high enthalpy of formation, which is the source of high energy . The presence of a large π-bond-like benzene ring equips the structure with excellent stability. , Among the four isomers of oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, also called furazan, is further derived because of its highest enthalpy of formation (215 kJ/mol) and comprehensive excellent performance. − Therefore, 3-aminofurazan-4-carboxylic acid (AFCA), as one of the oxadiazole derivatives in which the presence of the furazan ring provides energy and ligand sites, is suitable as a ligand for constructing energetic metal complexes.…”