Polymers with properties well-controlled by minor environmental variations have been widely utilized in nanoscience, nanotechnology, and nanomedicine. Herein, the classification of stimuli-responsive polymers will be discussed and related to some possible applications in the oil-gas industry. Current studies of stimuli-responsive polymers in the oil-gas production are mainly focused on enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes. Still, their potential applications in various aspects of the oil-gas industry from upstream, midstream, and downstream processes are found to be promising.