Vitellogenesis in many insect species is triggered by juvenile hormone (JH) where other factors such as neural or endocrinological ones also play a important roles. Newly emerged adult females of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana were injected with indoleamines such as tryptamine (Tn), N-acetyltryptamine (NATn), serotonin (5-HT), N-acetylserotonin (NAS) and melatonin (ME) at 20, 30 and 40 µg in the abdomen. Tn and NATn stimulated Vg synthesis, while 5-HT, NAS and ME inhibited it. These amines may exert the effect on either directly on Vg synthesis in the fat body, Vg receptor, follicle cells, or JH synthesis. We first cloned the genes encoding juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase (JHAMT) and farnesoic acid O-methyl transferase (FAMeT) which are involved in JH biosynthesis. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that indoleamines affected the expression of JHAMT and FAMeT in the Br-CA complex. 5-HT, NAS and ME inhibited JHAMT and FAMeT transcription, while Tn and NATn stimulated their transcription. The oocyte length and yolk accumulation showed that, Tn, more likely NATn induced oocyte maturation. Here, the result suggests that intricate mutual interactions induced Vg synthesis in the fat body during oocyte maturation between neurotransmitters/modulator pathway and JH synthesis pathways.