Synthesis and reaction mechanism of Ti3SiC2 ternary compound by carbothermal reduction of TiO2 and SiO2 powder mixtures

Çetinkaya, Şenol; Eroglu, S.

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.05.020

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Taking for example the 18 Ti‐containing phases, generally 1650°C is required for carbon reduction of TiO 2 , a temperature which causes significant vaporization loss of typical A ‐elements and ultimately a poor MAX phase yield in a pressureless reactive sintering environment. Cetinkaya and Eroglu have shown that intensive sample preparation can allow some successful conversion to Ti 3 SiC 2 at 1527°C in a system containing both SiO 2 and TiO 2 , however, yield, scalability and losses are still a major concern. M oxides that have high reduction temperatures (Nb, Zr Ti etc.)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single‐Step Carbothermal Synthesis of High‐Purity MAX Phase Powders

Cuskelly

Kisi

2016

J. Am. Ceram. Soc.

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The M n+1 AX n phases Cr 2 GeC and Cr 2 GaC were synthesized with high phase-purity directly from Cr 2 O 3; Ge or Ga; and C using a single-step carbothermal reduction. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analysis of the materials shows them to be >99 mol% Cr 2 GeC and 92 mol% Cr 2 GaC, respectively. Extension to non-Cr systems is briefly demonstrated by applying the method to the synthesis of V 2 GeC.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One prior attempt at carbothermal synthesis of a MAX phase has been located in the literature . Therein thermodynamic calculations were used to isolate promising conditions for co‐reduction of TiO 2 and SiO 2 by C leading to formation of Ti 3 SiC 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single‐Step Carbothermal Synthesis of High‐Purity MAX Phase Powders

Cuskelly

Kisi

2016

J. Am. Ceram. Soc.

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“…V 2 GeC MAX phase can also be fabricated by direct CTR of V 2 O 5 . Cetinkayan et al [ 101 ] first reported the synthesis of Ti 3 SiC 2 by CTR using oxide (TiO 2 and SiO 2 ) as precursor. Two different C sources, graphite flakes and pyrolytic C coating, were used to synthesize Ti 3 SiC 2 at 1527 °C under Ar atmosphere.…”

Section: Synthesis Methods Of Maxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, it has been demonstrated that due to limited nucleation and growth, single-phase Ti 3 SiC 2 thin film was difficult to form when it was directly deposited on MgO (111) substrate. A TiC (111) seed layer on MgO (111) substrate assisted the formation of epitaxial Ti 3 SiC 2 film that showed an in-plane orientation of Ti 3 SiC 2 [110]//TiC[101]//MgO [101]. [69] The synthesis of many MAX-phase thin films requires deposition temperatures over 600 C or postannealing.…”

Section: Pvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible reason could be because intimate contact between the reactants provided by pyrolytic C coating prompted the ternary carbide formation. [101] CTR method has the ability to produce large quantities of pure MAX-phase powders, and it is cost effective compared with other fabrication techniques. One essential prerequisite for the application of CTR is that the CTR temperature of the oxide should be lower than the practical sintering temperature of the MAX phase.…”

Section: Carbothermal Reduction (Ctr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Xia

2021

Adv Eng Mater

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Ceramics is one of the oldest materials prepared and used by human beings. Ancient ancestors started to make pottery by forming and burning clay since the earliest civilizations. Ancient people started to fabricate burnt claywares since %6500 B.C., and clayware as a commercial product was available by %4000 B.C. [1] In modern society, as one of the largest branches in material family, ceramics have been developed and used in almost every fields of human beings' lives. In some senses, ceramics and metals possess complementary properties; generally, ceramics show the advantages of high strength, high hardness, high chemical stability, high wear resistance, whereas ceramics typically show intrinsic brittleness and poor plasticity due to their covalent and/or ionic chemical bonding; metals have good plasticity, high toughness, and high thermal and electronic conductivity; however, they typically show lower chemical stability and lower hardness than ceramics. It would be marvelous for a material to combine the properties of ceramics and metals. MAX phases are the materials that meet the challenge.MAX phases are a family of nanolaminate ternary nitrides and carbides, which were first discovered by Nowotny and his colleagues in Vienna. [2] In the beginning, MAX phases have a general formula of M nþ1 AX n (n ¼ 1-3), where M is a transition metal, A is an element from group A, and X is either carbon or nitrogen. The n value could be 1, 2, or 3, and the phases are named as 211, 312, and 413 MAX phases, respectively. These MAX phases show a hexagonal crystal structure (P63/mmc), consisting of M 6 X octahedra separated by A atomic layers. [3] M─X bonds in M 6 X octahedra are strong covalent bonds, whereas the M─A bonds between M 6 X and A atomic layer are much weaker, especially in shear. This unique bonding structure is analogous to graphite, and it is the special bonding structure that endows MAX phases properties of both ceramics and metals. On the one hand, MAX phases are stiff, lightweight, chemically stable, and oxidation resistant, which are the features of ceramics; on the other hand, they exhibit good electric and thermal conductivity as well as excellent machinability and damage tolerance, which are the features of metals.Unfortunately, MAX phases had not attracted enough attention in both academia and industry until 1996 when Barsoum et al. [4] synthesized and characterized Ti 3 SiC 2 . Ever since then, material researchers become more interested in this material. [5] In the past two decades, many MAX phases have been synthesized and tested to show highly unusual properties, [6] which will be discussed with detail in the following sections. The intensive extent of the researches on MAX phases can be demonstrated by the published papers (Figure 1). A remarkable jump can be observed between 1998 and 1999, and after that, the number of published papers increases steadily, reaching as high as 980 papers in 2019 (Figure 1a). From another aspect, the citation of the milestone paper published by Barsoum [4] also signific...

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Enhanced oxidation resistance of low-carbon MgO–C refractories with ternary carbides: a review

Dong

Chen

et al. 2022

J. Iron Steel Res. Int.

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Synthesis and reaction mechanism of Ti3SiC2 ternary compound by carbothermal reduction of TiO2 and SiO2 powder mixtures

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Single‐Step Carbothermal Synthesis of High‐Purity MAX Phase Powders

Single‐Step Carbothermal Synthesis of High‐Purity MAX Phase Powders

MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Enhanced oxidation resistance of low-carbon MgO–C refractories with ternary carbides: a review

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