Single‐Step Carbothermal Synthesis of High‐Purity <scp>MAX</scp> Phase Powders

Cuskelly, Dylan; Kisi, Erich H.

doi:10.1111/jace.14170

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…HAADF-STEM images (Figure 6f-h) demonstrate the structure of (V 2/3 Zr 1/3 ) 2 AlC i-MAX phase viewed along [010], [110], and [100] zone axes, respectively, from which it can be seen that the in-plane chemical order is only evident from the [010] and [110] directions, with the brighter spots (Zr atom columns) extending toward the Al layer (Figure 6f,g). When viewed along [100] direction the atomic arrangements of i-MAX look identical to a traditional MAX phase viewed along the [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] zone axis (Figure 6h). The bright-dark contrast variation in the Al layer clearly demonstrated the Al atom columns form a Kagomé-like pattern (Figure 6f,g).…”

Section: In-plane Ordered Max Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In-plane Ordered Max Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More importantly, the oxide reaction product would be gaseous, which potentially gives direct impurity-free synthesis. Cuskelly et al [100] reported the successful production of Cr 2 GeC and Cr 2 GaC at high levels of phase purity in a single-step carbothermal reduction (CTR) of Cr 2 O 3 (Table 1). The overall solid-state reactions that occurred at 1225 C were as follows…”

Section: Carbothermal Reduction (Ctr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Otherwise, it may result in significant vaporization loss of A elements and thereby, a poor MAX phase yield. [100] Note: HP: hot pressing; HIP: hot-isostatic pressing; SPS: spark plasma sintering; PLS: pressure-less sintering; MS: molten salt shield synthesis; MSE: molten salt electrolysis; PVD: physical vapor deposition; CVD: chemical vapor deposition; RCVD: reaction chemical vapor deposition; SHS: self-propagating high-temperature synthesis; SHS/PHIP: self-propagating hightemperature synthesis with a PHIP process; CTR: CTR; SSSR: substitutional solid-state reaction; SSLR: substitutional solidliquid reaction.…”

Section: Carbothermal Reduction (Ctr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a-e) Schematic illustrations of traditional MAX-phase structures (top) and i-MAX structure with in-plane chemical order (down). a) M layer composed of Zr or V; b) A layer composed of Al; c) X layer composed of C; d) Top view of the above three layers; e) Side view of the three layers; f-h) HAADF-STEM images of (V 2/3 Zr 1/3 ) 2 AlC i-MAX phase viewed along [010],[110], and[100] zone axes. Reprinted with permission [43].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Xia

2021

Adv Eng Mater

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ceramics is one of the oldest materials prepared and used by human beings. Ancient ancestors started to make pottery by forming and burning clay since the earliest civilizations. Ancient people started to fabricate burnt claywares since %6500 B.C., and clayware as a commercial product was available by %4000 B.C. [1] In modern society, as one of the largest branches in material family, ceramics have been developed and used in almost every fields of human beings' lives. In some senses, ceramics and metals possess complementary properties; generally, ceramics show the advantages of high strength, high hardness, high chemical stability, high wear resistance, whereas ceramics typically show intrinsic brittleness and poor plasticity due to their covalent and/or ionic chemical bonding; metals have good plasticity, high toughness, and high thermal and electronic conductivity; however, they typically show lower chemical stability and lower hardness than ceramics. It would be marvelous for a material to combine the properties of ceramics and metals. MAX phases are the materials that meet the challenge.MAX phases are a family of nanolaminate ternary nitrides and carbides, which were first discovered by Nowotny and his colleagues in Vienna. [2] In the beginning, MAX phases have a general formula of M nþ1 AX n (n ¼ 1-3), where M is a transition metal, A is an element from group A, and X is either carbon or nitrogen. The n value could be 1, 2, or 3, and the phases are named as 211, 312, and 413 MAX phases, respectively. These MAX phases show a hexagonal crystal structure (P63/mmc), consisting of M 6 X octahedra separated by A atomic layers. [3] M─X bonds in M 6 X octahedra are strong covalent bonds, whereas the M─A bonds between M 6 X and A atomic layer are much weaker, especially in shear. This unique bonding structure is analogous to graphite, and it is the special bonding structure that endows MAX phases properties of both ceramics and metals. On the one hand, MAX phases are stiff, lightweight, chemically stable, and oxidation resistant, which are the features of ceramics; on the other hand, they exhibit good electric and thermal conductivity as well as excellent machinability and damage tolerance, which are the features of metals.Unfortunately, MAX phases had not attracted enough attention in both academia and industry until 1996 when Barsoum et al. [4] synthesized and characterized Ti 3 SiC 2 . Ever since then, material researchers become more interested in this material. [5] In the past two decades, many MAX phases have been synthesized and tested to show highly unusual properties, [6] which will be discussed with detail in the following sections. The intensive extent of the researches on MAX phases can be demonstrated by the published papers (Figure 1). A remarkable jump can be observed between 1998 and 1999, and after that, the number of published papers increases steadily, reaching as high as 980 papers in 2019 (Figure 1a). From another aspect, the citation of the milestone paper published by Barsoum [4] also signific...

show abstract

Section: In-plane Ordered Max Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In-plane Ordered Max Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbothermal Reduction (Ctr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbothermal Reduction (Ctr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Xia

2021

Adv Eng Mater

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Flexible MXene‐Based Composite Films: Synthesis, Modification, and Applications as Electrodes of Supercapacitors

Luo

Que

Bin

et al. 2022

Small

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

MXenes, as a 2D planar structure nanomaterial, were first reported in 2011. Due to their large specific surface area, high ductility, high electrical conductivity, strong hydrophilic surface, and high mechanical flexibility, MXenes have been extensively explored in the development of various functional materials with desired performances. This review is aimed to summarize the current progress in synthesis, modification, and applications of MXene‐based composite films as electrode materials of flexible energy storage devices. In the synthesis of MXenes, the evolution and exploration of etchants are emphasized. Furthermore, in order to develop MXene‐based composite films, the components used to modify the MXene nanoflakes, including 0D, 1D, and 2D nanomaterials, are summarized, and the perspectives and research direction of such materials are also discussed.

show abstract

Progress and challenges of emerging MXene based materials for thermoelectric applications

Zhu¹,

Lu²,

Liu³

2023

iScience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Single‐Step Carbothermal Synthesis of High‐Purity MAX Phase Powders

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Flexible MXene‐Based Composite Films: Synthesis, Modification, and Applications as Electrodes of Supercapacitors

Progress and challenges of emerging MXene based materials for thermoelectric applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About