Synthesis and Quantitation of Six Phenolic Amides in<i>Amaranthus</i>spp.

Pedersen, Hanne; Steffensen, Stine K.; Christophersen, Carsten; Mortensen, Alan; Jørgensen, Lise Nistrup; Niveyro, Selene; Troiani, Rosa Martín de; Rodríguez-Enríquez, Ricardo José; Rosa, Ana Paulina Barba de la; Fomsgaard, Inge S.

doi:10.1021/jf100002v

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Flavonoids, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxycinnamyl amides were detected in the young aerial parts of Amaranthus genotypes [17]. Perdesen et al [18] reported phenolic amides in other varieties of the Amaranthus genus ( A. hypochondriacus and A. mantegazzianus ). Hydroacetonic extracts have shown the greatest diversity of secondary metabolites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities of Amaranthus cruentus L. and Amaranthus hybridus L. Extracts

et al. 2012

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This paper describes a preliminary assessment of the nutraceutical value of Amaranthus cruentus (A. cruentus) and Amaranthus hybridus (A. hybridus), two food plant species found in Burkina Faso. Hydroacetonic (HAE), methanolic (ME), and aqueous extracts (AE) from the aerial parts were screened for in vitro antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins and betalains. Hydroacetonic extracts have shown the most diversity for secondary metabolites. The TLC analyses of flavonoids from HAE extracts showed the presence of rutin and other unidentified compounds. The phenolic compound contents of the HAE, ME and AE extracts were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and ranged from 7.55 to 10.18 mg Gallic acid equivalent GAE/100 mg. Tannins, flavonoids, and flavonols ranged from 2.83 to 10.17 mg tannic acid equivalent (TAE)/100 mg, 0.37 to 7.06 mg quercetin equivalent (QE) /100 mg, and 0.09 to 1.31 mg QE/100 mg, respectively. The betacyanin contents were 40.42 and 6.35 mg Amaranthin Equivalent/100 g aerial parts (dry weight) in A. cruentus and A. hybridus, respectively. Free-radical scavenging activity expressed as IC50 (DPPH method) and iron reducing power (FRAP method) ranged from 56 to 423 µg/mL and from 2.26 to 2.56 mmol AAE/g, respectively. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of extracts of A. cruentus and A. hybridus were 3.18% and 38.22%, respectively. The A. hybridus extract showed the best antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities. The results indicated that the phytochemical contents of the two species justify their traditional uses as nutraceutical food plants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities of Amaranthus cruentus L. and Amaranthus hybridus L. Extracts

et al. 2012

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“…Amaranth grains have an excellent nutritional quality; they contain approximately 15% protein with an adequate balance of aminoacids, high lysine content, 60% starch and 8% fat, besides minerals and dietary fiber [5]. Polyphenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, have been characterized in amaranth grains [6]. Furthermore, amaranth grains are considered to be an important source of food for celiac patients, since they are gluten-free [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Properties of Amaranthus hypochondriacus Seeds and their Effect on the Liver of Alcohol-Treated Rats

López

Razzeto

Giménez

et al. 2011

Plant Foods Hum Nutr

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Amaranth constitutes a valuable pseudocereal, due to its nutritional quality and its nutraceutical properties, which contribute to improve human health. This work evaluated the effect of a diet based on Amaranthus hypochondriacus (Ah) seed on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in the liver of rats sub-chronically exposed to ethanol. The seed extract was investigated for antioxidant capacity in vitro, showing an adequate content of total phenols and antioxidant activity elevated. For in vivo assays, four groups of six rats each were fed with an AIN-93 M diet for 28 days. In groups III and IV casein was replaced by Ah as the protein source; groups II and IV were received ethanol in the drinking water (20% v/v). When comparing groups IV and II, the following was observed: significant decrease in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and content of malondialdehyde (p<0.001) in serum; decrease of malondialdehyde and increase in the activity and gene expression of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, also, decrease in the NADPH oxidase transcript levels (p<0.05) in liver. Our data suggest that Ah is a good source of total phenols and exerts a protective effect in serum and in liver of rats intoxicated with ethanol.

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“…Subsequent product ion scans indicated that this peak was likely a derivative of coumaric acid, and its mass (m/z = 284), combined with the function of genes induced by WtsE, led us to speculate that the peak at retention time = 7.1 min was CouTyr. Genuine CouTyr (para-N-transcoumaroyl tyramine) was synthesized (Pedersen et al, 2010) and used as an authentic standard to investigate the identity of the m/z = 284 peak. Comparison of retention time, precursor ion mass, and four precursor-product ion mass transitions (284→146.9, 284→118.8, 284→91.2, and 284→77.1; Supplemental Table S2) confirmed that the peak induced in DC283-induced leaves was CouTyr.…”

Section: Coutyr Induction By Wtse In Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbation of Maize Phenylpropanoid Metabolism by an AvrE Family Type III Effector fromPantoea stewartii

et al. 2015

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Republic of Korea (S.-M.P., M.G.K.)AvrE family type III effector proteins share the ability to suppress host defenses, induce disease-associated cell death, and promote bacterial growth. However, despite widespread contributions to numerous bacterial diseases in agriculturally important plants, the mode of action of these effectors remains largely unknown. WtsE is an AvrE family member required for the ability of Pantoea stewartii ssp. stewartii (Pnss) to proliferate efficiently and cause wilt and leaf blight symptoms in maize (Zea mays) plants. Notably, when WtsE is delivered by a heterologous system into the leaf cells of susceptible maize seedlings, it alone produces water-soaked disease symptoms reminiscent of those produced by Pnss. Thus, WtsE is a pathogenicity and virulence factor in maize, and an Escherichia coli heterologous delivery system can be used to study the activity of WtsE in isolation from other factors produced by Pnss. Transcriptional profiling of maize revealed the effects of WtsE, including induction of genes involved in secondary metabolism and suppression of genes involved in photosynthesis. Targeted metabolite quantification revealed that WtsE perturbs maize metabolism, including the induction of coumaroyl tyramine. The ability of mutant WtsE derivatives to elicit transcriptional and metabolic changes in susceptible maize seedlings correlated with their ability to promote disease. Furthermore, chemical inhibitors that block metabolic flux into the phenylpropanoid pathways targeted by WtsE also disrupted the pathogenicity and virulence activity of WtsE. While numerous metabolites produced downstream of the shikimate pathway are known to promote plant defense, our results indicate that misregulated induction of phenylpropanoid metabolism also can be used to promote pathogen virulence.

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Synthesis and Quantitation of Six Phenolic Amides inAmaranthusspp.

Cited by 34 publications

References 40 publications

Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities of Amaranthus cruentus L. and Amaranthus hybridus L. Extracts

Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities of Amaranthus cruentus L. and Amaranthus hybridus L. Extracts

Antioxidant Properties of Amaranthus hypochondriacus Seeds and their Effect on the Liver of Alcohol-Treated Rats

Perturbation of Maize Phenylpropanoid Metabolism by an AvrE Family Type III Effector fromPantoea stewartii

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