Perturbation of Maize Phenylpropanoid Metabolism by an AvrE Family Type III Effector from<i>Pantoea stewartii</i>

Asselin, Jo Ann E.; Lin, Ji; Pérez‐Quintero, Álvaro L.; Gentzel, Irene; Majerczak, Doris R.; Opiyo, Stephen O.; Zhao, Wanying; Paek, Seung‐Mann; Kim, Min Gab; Coplin, David L.; Blakeslee, Joshua J.; Mackey, David

doi:10.1104/pp.114.253120

Cited by 45 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Activities of the effector proteins AvrE and HopM1 from Pst DC3000 as well as WtsE, an AvrE-family effector protein from Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii, cause an aqueous apoplast in Arabidopsis (Xin et al, 2016) and maize (Ham et al, 2006;Asselin et al, 2015), respectively. In addition, the Pst DC3000 avrE À hopM1 À mutant, which lacks water-soaking-inducing effectors, fails to cause an aqueous apoplast during infection (Xin et al, 2016).…”

Section: Pathogenic Bacteria Create An Aqueous Habitat In the Leaf Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of water in plant–microbe interactions

2018

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SUMMARYThroughout their life plants are associated with various microorganisms, including commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogens are genetically adapted to aggressively colonize and proliferate in host plants to cause disease. However, disease outbreaks occur only under permissive environmental conditions. The interplay between host, pathogen and environment is famously known as the 'disease triangle'. Among the environmental factors, rainfall events, which often create a period of high atmospheric humidity, have repeatedly been shown to promote disease outbreaks in plants, suggesting that the availability of water is crucial for pathogenesis. During pathogen infection, water-soaking spots are frequently observed on infected leaves as an early symptom of disease. Recent studies have shown that pathogenic bacteria dedicate specialized virulence proteins to create an aqueous habitat inside the leaf apoplast under high humidity. Water availability in the apoplastic environment, and probably other associated changes, can determine the success of potentially pathogenic microbes. These new findings reinforce the notion that the fight over water may be a major battleground between plants and pathogens. In this article, we will discuss the role of water availability in host-microbe interactions, with a focus on plant-bacterial interactions.

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Section: Pathogenic Bacteria Create An Aqueous Habitat In the Leaf Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of water in plant–microbe interactions

2018

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“…T3Es have also been shown to directly affect plant metabolism by interfering with biosynthetic pathways for secondary metabolites. For example, Pantoea stewartii secretes a T3E of the AvrE family, which perturbs phenylpropanoid metabolism and promotes pathogen virulence (Asselin et al, 2015). Chloroplasts and mitochondria are involved in many aspects of plant physiology and are consequently an obvious target for T3Es.…”

Section: Function Of T3esmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial pathogenesis of plants: future challenges from a microbial perspective

Pfeilmeier

Caly

Malone

2016

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Summary Future Challenges in Plant Pathology Plant infection is a complicated process. On encountering a plant, pathogenic microorganisms must first adapt to life on the epiphytic surface, and survive long enough to initiate an infection. Responsiveness to the environment is critical throughout infection, with intracellular and community‐level signal transduction pathways integrating environmental signals and triggering appropriate responses in the bacterial population. Ultimately, phytopathogens must migrate from the epiphytic surface into the plant tissue using motility and chemotaxis pathways. This migration is coupled with overcoming the physical and chemical barriers to entry into the plant apoplast. Once inside the plant, bacteria use an array of secretion systems to release phytotoxins and protein effectors that fulfil diverse pathogenic functions (Fig. 1 ) (Melotto and Kunkel, 2013 ; Phan Tran et al ., 2011 ). As our understanding of the pathways and mechanisms underpinning plant pathogenicity increases, a number of central research challenges are emerging that will profoundly shape the direction of research in the future. We need to understand the bacterial phenotypes that promote epiphytic survival and surface adaptation in pathogenic bacteria. How do these pathways function in the context of the plant‐associated microbiome, and what impact does this complex microbial community have on the onset and severity of plant infections? The huge importance of bacterial signal transduction to every stage of plant infection is becoming increasingly clear. However, there is a great deal to learn about how these signalling pathways function in phytopathogenic bacteria, and the contribution they make to various aspects of plant pathogenicity. We are increasingly able to explore the structural and functional diversity of small‐molecule natural products from plant pathogens. We need to acquire a much better understanding of the production, deployment, functional redundancy and physiological roles of these molecules. Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are important and well‐studied contributors to bacterial disease. Several key unanswered questions will shape future investigations of these systems. We need to define the mechanism of hierarchical and temporal control of effector secretion. For successful infection, effectors need to interact with host components to exert their function. Advanced biochemical, proteomic and cell biological techniques will enable us to study the function of effectors inside the host cell in more detail and on a broader scale. Population genomics analyses provide insight into evolutionary adaptation processes of phytopathogens. The determination of the diversity and distribution of type III effectors (T3Es) and other virulence genes wi...

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“…Intererstingly, DspA/E affects actin dynamics and vesicle trafficking in yeast , and a genetic screen identified sphingolipid intermediates and protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunits important for its toxicity in yeast (Siamer et al, 2014). Transcriptional profiling of the host maize (Zea mays) plants shows that WtsE induces genes involved in secondary metabolism and the suppression of genes involved in photosynthesis (Asselin et al, 2015). In the nonhost plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), transgenic expression of E. amylovora DspA/E results in the induction of a large suite of salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense genes (Degrave et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%