Synthesis and properties of brominated polystyrenes

Combustion of char-forming polymeric systems

“…In addition, chemical modification of synthetic polymeric products can be achieved by treating them with various reagents: this can be effected, e.g., by bromination, chlorination, phosphorylation 9 ± 12 and polymer-analogous transformations aimed at incorporating halogen-and phosphoruscontaining groups into polymers and copolymers. 13 ± 15 This approach was used to obtain brominated polystyrene 16 and polyphenylene oxides, 17 copolymers of vinyl acetate, ethylene and derivatives of halogen-containing acids 18 and phosphoruscontaining epoxy resins (PER). Physical modification of polymers is based on the treatment of the polymer surface with various types of energy (plasma, thermal and laser beams, UV or IR irradiation, etc.).…”

“…High-molecular-weight bromine-containing fire retardants meet this demand. It was established 16,17,23 that thermal degradation of brominated polyphenylene oxides and polystyrene was not accompanied by the formation of highly toxic products either in the presence or in the absence of plastic materials. Fire retarding styrene-based plastics have been developed which contain high-molecular-weight fire retardants, their properties are comparable with those of styrene-based materials containing low-molecular-weight fire retardants.…”

“…Fire retarding styrene-based plastics have been developed which contain high-molecular-weight fire retardants, their properties are comparable with those of styrene-based materials containing low-molecular-weight fire retardants. 24…”

Effect of Sepiolite on the Combustion and Thermal Decomposition of Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene

“…在体系中添加催化剂, 可以提高阻 燃剂的效率、 减少用量、 降低产品成本 [4][5][6][7] .Lewin 和 Endo [8] 研究了镁、 锌、 锰等一系列金属化合物对于 APP/PER 体系的催化协效作用, 其中 ZnO 在添加 1%(质量分数, 下同)时, 氧指数可以从 26.5%提高到 31.4%,MnO 在添加 2%时, 氧指数最高可以达到 33.8%.Xue [9] 将甲酸镍添加到 PP/APP/PER 体系中, 当添加量在 2%时, 样品氧指数提高了 8%. 近年来, 纳米粘土的催化协效作用是膨胀阻燃研究领域的一 大热点 [10][11][12][13][14] ,Li 等 [15] 采用蒙脱土、纳米水滑石等作为 膨胀阻燃体系的催化剂, 在最佳用量 1%时, 可显著 提高阻燃效果. 海泡石是一种纤维状的纳米粘土, 文 献研究 [16][17][18] 已经证实了海泡石可以改变聚丙烯热分 解过程, 催化聚丙烯燃烧成炭, 但是它在膨胀阻燃体 系(IFR)中的应用至今尚未见有文献报道.…”