Synthesis and physicochemical properties of epoxidized oleic acid-based palm oil

Abstract

Epoxidized oleic acid is often regarded as a high value oleochemical due to the wide range of industrial applications including cosmetics, personal care and pharmaceutical products. Epoxidized oleic acid also extensively chosen by industry due to its advantages on the good performance as intermediate chemicals and can be obtained from renewable sources. Synthesis and physicochemical properties of oleic acid palm oil was analyzed for further reaction of epoxidation. In this study, the epoxidation of oleic acid was investigated with performic acid generated in situ from hydrogen peroxide in H2O2 (30%) with formic acid. The characterization of oleic acid through iodine value, viscosity, acid value, saponification number and refractive index were 130, 146. 190.0, 206.1 and 1.47 respectively. On the other hand, the characterization of epoxidized oleic acid were 109.8, 156, 192.6, 219.9 and 1.38 of the same analysis. The chemical structures of the products were confirmed by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral analysis.

Optimization of High Yield Epoxidation of Malaysian Castor Bean Ricinoleic Acid with Performic Acid

“…FTIR spectra were recorded on a Perkin Elmer Infrared Spectrophotometer in 400-4000 cm -1 . In addition, the 1 H (16 scans) and 13 C-NMR (3000 scans) spectra were recorded on JEOL-ECP 400 spectrometer (400 MHz 1 H/100.61 MHz 13 C) using CDCl 3 as a solvent.…”

“…Plant oils or fatty acids epoxidation can be economically accomplished by reacting the unsaturated double bonds of the fatty acid with a peracid reagent such as peracetic [11] or performic acid [1,12]. Currently, epoxides plant oils [13][14][15][16] or fatty acids are prepared on an industrial scale through in situ generated peracids [14]. The epoxidations of ricinoleic acid, for example, have been reported elsewhere [8][9][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Highly production of dihydroxystrearic acid from catalytic epoxidation process by in situ peracid mechanism

“…The kinetic model of the epoxidation process and epoxide ring degradation can be developed based on the following rate constants: k 11 , k 12 , k 2 , and k 3 . The following rate equations were modeled, and the set of simultaneous differential equations is given as Equations (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Figure 1 shows the flow chart of the procedure used to determine the rate constants.…”

“…6 In addition, the process allows for conversion of low value resources into a desirable, high value epoxy materials. 7 There are various methods to produces epoxide groups such as epoxidation with organic or inorganic oxidants, epoxidation with halohydrins and molecular hydrogens and epoxidations with percaboxylic acid generated with in situ or preformed. 8 The common method used is epoxidations with percaboxylic acid which is by using fatty acid such as acetic acid or formic acid.…”

Synthesis and Kinetic Model of Oleic Acid-based Epoxides by In Situ Peracid Mechanism

“…EPOA has been widely used as an intermediate product, such as stabilizer and plasticizer of polyvinylchloride, as well as a solvent to replace volatile organic solvents in paints. 2,3 The cost-effectiveness and environmentally friendly material traits of vegetable oil renders vegetable oil a favourable alternative to produce epoxides as well as derivatives from epoxide. 4 To date, there are no studies on the effect of oxidising agent on the epoxidation process, while there are only a few studies pertaining to the degradation of epoxides, where the researchers attempt to control the process in order to achieve a high conversion of oxirane.…”