Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of rhamnolipid fabricated fucoxanthin loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles supported by simulation studies

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Fucoxanthin is a hydrophobic carotenoid with many beneficial biological activities. However, due to low aqueous solubility their clinical efficacy is limited thus leading to poor oral bioavailability. To address this issue, we encapsulated fucoxanthin in rhamnolipid fabricated bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded nanoparticles (LNPs) for improving solubility dependent bioavailability of fucoxanthin.RESULTS: These synthesized LNPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Our results showed that LNPs were spherical in shape with particle size around 180 nm along with positive zeta potential. The encapsulation efficiency and loading efficiency calculated for LNPs were 69.66 ± 1.5% and 14 ± 0.2%, respectively. The antioxidant assay of LNPs indicate high radical scavenging activity compared to pure fucoxanthin. Besides this, our release studies indicates that drug release occur from the matrix of nanocarrier system through diffusion based on concentration. Thus, these findings indicate successful encapsulation of fucoxanthin, with improved solubility thereby leading to increased bioavailability. This nano formulation is derived from components which are FDA approved that could be exploited for encapsulating other vital nutraceutical molecules. CONCLUSION: Overall, our results showed successful synthesis of biodegradable nanocarrier for delivering fucoxanthin supported by molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and thermodynamics of free binding energy studies.

Integrating Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, and In Silico Studies of Cordycepin-Loaded Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles

“…The FTIR spectra of BSA protein show its characteristic band (Figure B) at 3434 cm –1 which correspond to amide A band (associated with N–H stretching). The stretching of band vibration of CO, C–N, and N–H is represented for amide II at 1545 cm –1 while amide I shows its peak at 1658 cm –1 . For β-cyclodextrin, it is at 3376, 2933, 1650, 1208, and 1030 cm –1 attributed to O–H, C–H stretching, C–C, C–O, and C–O–C stretching vibration, respectively, as reported previously .…”

“…33 The peaks at 1048 and 1072 cm −1 for BNPs and CLNPs indicate cyclodextrin C−O−C stretching while reacting with BSA. The characteristic peak of cordycepin at 1442 and 1083 cm −1 was not observed in CLNPs thus indicating its effective encapsulation in loaded nanoparticles 30 as reported previously.…”

“…The particle size of CLNPs showed 160 nm with a zeta potential −20 mV (Table ). We have also previously used particles of 200 nm (rhamnolipid stabilized BSA) to successfully demonstrate the delivery of nutraceutical molecule like fucoxanthin . Further, TEM studies were conducted to validate these results obtained from DLS.…”

“…35 CLNPs show a slightly intense peak around 222 °C, indicating that cordycepin has been homogeneously dispersed in the loaded nanoparticles. 30 The weakened endothermal peaks at 222 °C of CLNPs could be attributed to phase transition of cordycepin from crystalline to amorphous and its homogeneous dispersion.…”

“…The stretching of band vibration of C�O, C− N, and N−H is represented for amide II at 1545 cm −1 while amide I shows its peak at 1658 cm −1 . 30 For β-cyclodextrin, it is 31 The cordycepin transmittance peak assigned at 3425 cm −1 referred to the −OH (phenolic OH) band. The peaks at 2937, 1634, and 1442 cm −1 are attributed to C−H stretching and alkyne (C� O) stretch groups.…”