Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of β₂-Adrenergic Agonist Enantiomers: Zilpaterol

Abstract

The beta-adrenergic agonist 1 (zilpaterol) is used as production enhancer in cattle. Binding experiments of separated enantiomers on recombinant human beta(2)-adrenergic and mu-opioid receptors and functional studies showed that the (-)-1 enantiomer accounts for essentially all the beta(2)-adrenergic agonist activity and that it exhibits less affinity toward the mu-opioid receptor than (+)-1, which is a mu-opioid receptor antagonist. X-ray crystallography revealed the absolute configuration of (-)-1 to be 6R,7R.

Impact of substrate elasticity on human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell adhesion and motility

“…monolayer ( Fig. 1D), which is in accordance with EC 50 values for clenbuterol described in other studies (Barnea et al, 2008;Iizuka et al, 1998;Kern et al, 2009). This change in cell height was accompanied by a remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton (Fig.…”

Identification of Buctopamine and Mebuctopamine, a β2 Receptor Agonist and Its Metabolite, in Swine Hair and Feed Additives

“…The binding affinities of β 2 -agonists for the human β 1 -, β 2 -, and β 3 -adrenoceptors and the bovine β 2 -adrenoceptor in the literature are shown in Table . ,, All β 2 -agonists have demonstrated high binding affinity and potent agonistic activity toward the β 2 receptor. Although ractopamine, clenbuterol, and cimaterol have also shown high β 1 -receptor affinity, ractopamine is only an agonist of the porcine β 2 receptor and possesses no agonistic activity toward the porcine β 1 receptor .…”

“… a Human β 1 -, β 2 -, and β 3 -adrenoceptor binding affinities b Data obtained from [ 3 H]-cAMP accumulation for cells expressing the human β 1 - and β 2 -adrenoceptors …”

“… a Human β 1 -, β 2 -, and β 3 -adrenoceptor binding affinities b Data obtained from [ 3 H]-cAMP accumulation for cells expressing the human β 1 - and β 2 -adrenoceptors c β 2 -Adrenoceptor affinities and intrinsic activities using a bovine skeletal muscle preparation.…”

Stereocontrolled addition of Grignard reagents to oxa-bridged benzazepines: highly efficient synthesis of functionalized benzazepine scaffolds

“…Benzofused azepines, a unique family of seven-member azaheterocycles, are widely found in numerous bioactive molecules, natural products and pharmaceuticals. [1][2][3][4] This is due to their chemotherapeutic properties, and exhibiting interesting biological activities, [5][6][7][8][9] for instance, competitive vasopressin receptor antagonist (tolvaptan), [10][11][12] antidepressants (mianserin), 13 zilpaterol (beef improvement agent), 14 ACE inhibitor (benazepril) 15 (Fig. 1).…”