Synthesis and oxidative stability of monoacylglycerols containing polyunsaturated fatty acids by enzymatic glycerolysis in a solvent-free system

Lipase-catalyzed solvent-free synthesis of monoglycerides from biodiesel-derived crude glycerol: Optimized using response surface methodology

“…Remarkably, they achieved a yield of 60–70 % of monoglycerides within 2 h of the reaction, which was over 20 times more efficient than the solvent-free system. Valério et al [ 34 ] optimized the reaction conditions by introducing TritonX-100 at 70 °C, and employing lipase Novozym 100 as the catalyst for 3 h. Palacios et al [ 14 ] performed the reaction by adsorbing glycerol on silica gel, leading to maximum monoglyceride yield after 4 h. However, the aforementioned approach, although significantly reducing the reaction time, escalates the cost of downstream separation. In contrast, the enzymatic synthesis of monoglycerides in a solvent-free system without the addition of any other substances is a sustainable and eco-friendly chemical technique, albeit with a longer reaction time.…”

“…The reaction was conducted in screw-capped glass tubes (22 mm diameter, 50 mm high, 10 mL volume) in batch mode, as described by Palacios et al [ 14 ]. A molar ratio of 2:1 (calculated based on the pure glycerol content) of crude glycerol and soybean oil was combined in a specific amount, and the reactants were homogeneously mixed.…”

“…The optimum reaction conditions were a glycerol/oil ratio of 3/1, 9 wt% Lipase dosage, a stirring rate of 200 rpm, and a reaction time of 4 h, at 45.8 °C, producing a content of 24.8 % of monoglycerides. Similarly, Palacios et al [ 14 ] synthesized monoglycerides by glycerolysis of anchovy oil using Lipozyme RM-IM in a solvent-free system. Monoglycerides yield of 20.34 % was achieved under optimum conditions of 40 °C, a glycerol/oil molar ratio of 2:1, and a 6 wt% enzyme dosage.…”

Functional roles and novel tools for improving‐oxidative stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids: A comprehensive review

“…Fatty acids are further divided into α‐linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), as well as fatty acids having long chain, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which is divided further into two classes such as DHA, ALA, EPA, and ω‐3 along with ω‐6, such as AA and LA are very popular, common, and most studied fatty acids (Kus‐Yamashita et al, 2016 ). According to the last few decades, PUFAs express advantages for public health through having a part in the maintenance of inflammation, brain function, and cholesterol metabolism (Palacios et al, 2022 ). Vegetable oils that are extracted from different plant seeds are an abundant source of MUFAs and PUFAs (Pattnaik & Mishra, 2022 ).…”

Kinetic study of liquid lipase‐catalyzed glycerolysis of olive oil using Lipozyme TL 100L

“…This compound was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA) for use as emulsifiers in food (e.g., margarine and ice cream production, bakery products, etc.) and pharmaceuticals applications for not presenting collateral effects when ingested (Hares Júnior et al, 2018; Palacios et al, 2022). Within this same reasoning, diacylglycerols (DAGs) act in the treatment of cholesterol, prevention of obesity and reduction of body fat accumulation, bringing beneficial for reducing diseases related to such health problems (Feltes et al, 2012).…”