Synthesis and material properties of polymer-derived niobium carbide and niobium nitride nanocrystalline ceramics

Laskoski, Matthew; Prestigiacomo, Joseph; Dyatkin, B. L.; Keller, Teddy M.; Mahzabeen, Wadia; Shepherd, Arica R.; Daftary, Mehana N.; Clarke, Jadah S.; Neal, Arianna; Qadri, S. B.; Osofsky, M. S.

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.08.232

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…NbC ceramics were synthesized after 1500 °C pyrolysis of niobium hydride (NbH 5 ) and 1,2,4,5‐tetrakis(phenylethynyl)benzene under argon. [ 80 ] Hydrolysis of tantalum alkoxide and zirconium alcoxoacetylacetonates with phenol‐formaldehyde resin was employed to form a Ta 4 ZrC 5 gel. Then, multistep drying under a dynamic vacuum was performed to obtain a metal oxide–C mixture.…”

Section: Carbide Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[50b,51] Solid-solution silicon carbide Atomic-level homogeneity, higher yield, lower ceramic conversion temperature than for pure SiC, inhibited β-SiC crystal growth, and improved densification 84%-89% ceramic yield, [4b,62] ceramic conversion completes at 800 °C. [62] Transition metal carbides Atomic-level homogeneity, lower ceramic conversion temperature than for pure SiC, pseudopolymer-derived carbide when using simple organic species, residual oxygen, and improved ceramic yield; C preform, carbide particles, or precursor infiltration may be used 45-75% yield, [89] 1.6 wt% residual C, [89] polymer conversion to amorphous carbides at <900 °C, [69,70] carbide crystallization at >1000 °C, [71,77,80,81,[83][84][85]93,97] crystal size varies from single nanometer to a few hundred nanometers. [70,89,97,98] Borides Constrained grain growth, metal sources can be oxide or salt based 86-90% yield, [101,102] pyrolysis at >1400 °C leads to borides.…”

Section: Materials Characteristics Specificsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer‐Derived High‐Temperature Nonoxide Materials: A Review

Zhou

2023

Adv Eng Mater

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The synthesis of polymer-derived nonoxide materials such as carbides, borides, and nitrides started in the 1970s and slowly progressed into the 1980s, with silicon carbide (SiC) fibers as the prime examples. [1] In the 1990s, the research activities in this area became more intensive, with multiple efforts devoted to understanding the polymer-to-ceramic conversion mechanisms, resulting microstructures, and mechanical properties. In the 2000s, relying on the liquid precursor nature and advancement in chemistry, new techniques (e.g., electrospinning, coating, and precursor infiltration) and new precursors were introduced. Understanding of the crosslinking and thermal conversion process was improved. For example, SiC fibers were improved from amorphous silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) to low-oxygen SiC fibers and then to near-stoichiometric SiC fibers. SiC thin films of 8-190 μm thickness were reported in 2009. [2] These films can stand alone, and high mechanical properties and optoelectronic properties were achieved. Because of these advantages, they were proposed to be used in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and optoelectronic devices. In recent decades, additive manufacturing was used to form complex shapes. [3] Also, different one-pot precursor synthesis approaches were reported. [4] The pyrolyzed ceramic systems were frequently used in a powder format and can be further processed with traditional forming processes such as spark plasma sintering, hot pressing, thermal treatment, etc. [5,6] The advantages of using the polymerderived approach for such high-temperature nonoxide material formations involve several aspects. Compositions can be designed based on molecular-level interactions and conversion of polymeric precursors to composites. Through a synergistic selection and combination of polymer molecules of different architectures and additives, a large family of functional, structural, resilient, and versatile materials can be created. Pyrolysis conditions can also be varied to create different property systems. Species intermixing can be achieved at the true atomic level. It enables functional properties for inert systems and harsh environmental stability for far-from-equilibrium conditions. Additional advantages include low processing temperature (such as a few hundred degrees Celsius lower) and versatile shape achievement. The final materials can be fibers, coatings, membranes, powders, bulk parts, porous forms, infiltrating phases, and complex 3D-printed shapes, [3a] among others. Using the polymer-derived approach to form high-temperature ceramics also enables composition homogeneity and purity, thanks to the uniform mixing of different precursors and additives and high-purity chemical precursors. It can also create compositions that may be impossible with conventional routes, [7] such as sintering.The common challenges are as follows. Polymer-derived nonoxide composites are in a metastable state. At high temperatures, the composition and microstructure can continue to evolve and

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Section: Carbide Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials Characteristics Specificsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer‐Derived High‐Temperature Nonoxide Materials: A Review

Zhou

2023

Adv Eng Mater

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“…Those features include high electrical conductivity, improved active sites, high surface area, earth abundance, and environmental compatibility. , Moreover, the quick reaction dynamics, quick electron transport, tunable nanostructures, and improved access to electrolytic ions are added advantages of the material. − The synergetic effect between the two metal cation species offers higher surface properties than the single metals. , The exploration of carbides is also studied nowadays with different classifications, such as niobium carbide, titanium carbide, vanadium carbide, molybdenum carbide, etc . The niobium carbide (NbC) with high conductivity, stable structure, and good mechanical and chemical stability has attracted several fields of interest. , It has been reported in lithium–sulfur batteries, supercapacitors, sensing, and several applications. − NbC was synthesized and combined with Cu 3 P 2 O 8 as to obtain improved conductivity with a higher electrochemical response . The aggregation of the Cu 3 P 2 O 8 can be highly reduced with the composite design and dual functionalities are further obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45 The niobium carbide (NbC) with high conductivity, stable structure, and good mechanical and chemical stability has attracted several fields of interest. 46,47 It has been reported in lithium−sulfur batteries, supercapacitors, sensing, and several applications. 48−51 NbC was synthesized and combined with Cu 3 P 2 O 8 as to obtain improved conductivity with a higher electrochemical response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of Nanostructured Copper Phosphate Nanoflakes Supported Niobium Carbide for the Selective Electrochemical Detection of Melatonin

Santhan

Hwa

2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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In the present study, we have designed a highly conductive electrode material niobium carbide (NbC) entangled with copper phosphate (Cu3P2O8). The combined features of the efficient electrocatalyst with improved electrical conductivity, more active sites, with a high surface area were employed for the electrochemical sensing of melatonin (MLT). MLT is a naturally secreted hormone in our brain responsible for maintaining our daily circadian cycle. The detection of such hormones in clinical studies can help maintain several problems. The Cu3P2O8/NbC was initially characterized to analyze the physicochemical properties. The high crystalline Cu3P2O8 resembled a self-assembled flake ball-like structure entangled with NbC sheets. The synergistic effect between the catalyst enhances the electrochemical performance of MLT. The Cu3P2O8/NbC fabricated glassy carbon electrode obtained an enhanced oxidation response of MLT. The linearity range of MLT was about 0.014–1517.68 μM with a low limit of detection of about 0.0083 μM. The fabricated electrode showed high selectivity to the interfering compounds added and the sensitivity was about 5.137 μA μM–1 cm–2. The real samples showed good results at the Cu3P2O8/NbC/GCE. The Cu3P2O8/NbC/GCE will be more efficient and reliable in detecting the employed drugs or any other analytes of choice. Thus, the low cost, with improved electrochemical performances and significant features of the prepared electrode will be of great interest.

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“…This approach yields monocrystalline and chemically pure ceramics, and the leftover free carbon in the ceramic matrix functionally inhibits grain growth. To date, this process has been implemented to synthesize titanium carbide (TiC), 32 silicon carbide (SiC), 33 tungsten carbide (WC), 34 niobium carbide (NbC), 35 and tantalum carbide (TaC) monoliths 36 . This approach allowed rapid synthesis (<48 h end‐to‐end), relied on readily available precursor compositions, and implemented inexpensive, safe, and commercially scalable manufacturing equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, structure, and properties of polymer‐derived, metal‐reinforced boron carbide cermet composites

Dyatkin

Laskoski

Edelen

et al. 2020

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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We report on a novel polymer‐derived synthesis approach that yields boron carbide monoliths and metal‐reinforced B4C cermets. This single‐step approach relies on a preceramic powder blend of boron and an acetylenic resin with a high char yield. At low temperatures below 1500°C and without applied pressures, preceramic precursor reaction bond together and form nanocrystalline refractory B4C matrices. Resulting near net shape boron, carbide monoliths exhibit small crystal grain sizes, maintain chemical purity, and exhibit morphological homogeneity. We reinforce the refractory carbide with five different metals and demonstrate the influence of each on the density, hardness, oxidation stability, and electronic conductivity of resulting cermet composites. We assess the optimal synthesis and reinforcement strategies that tailor these nanostructured materials for inexpensive and high‐performing engineering applications.

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Synthesis and material properties of polymer-derived niobium carbide and niobium nitride nanocrystalline ceramics

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Polymer‐Derived High‐Temperature Nonoxide Materials: A Review

Polymer‐Derived High‐Temperature Nonoxide Materials: A Review

Rational Design of Nanostructured Copper Phosphate Nanoflakes Supported Niobium Carbide for the Selective Electrochemical Detection of Melatonin

Synthesis, structure, and properties of polymer‐derived, metal‐reinforced boron carbide cermet composites

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