“…The depletion of fossil fuel reserves has created challenges like rising fuel costs, increased environmental pollution, environmental concerns, and unpredictable climate changes . To address these issues and meet the demands of intermittent energy sources like hydro, wind, solar, and tidal power, it is crucial to develop efficient, affordable, and environmentally sustainable energy storage technologies. − Supercapacitors (SCs) have arisen as a leading choice in the quest for clean and efficient energy storage solutions, primarily owing to their extraordinary ultrahigh power densities, extended cycling lifespans, cost-efficiency, and environmentally sustainable characteristics. − Nevertheless, compared to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the energy-storing capacity of SCs is relatively lower due to the surface-controlled electrochemical reactions, which impede the bulk utilization of the electroactive material. Hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs), which integrate a positive electrode dominated by redox processes and a carbon-based negative electrode, offer potential solutions for overcoming energy density limitations while preserving the power density and cycle life.…”