Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of a scaffold containing wollastonite/β‐TCP for bone repair in a rabbit tibial defect model

Abstract

Scaffolds are models designed to aid the interaction between cells and extracellular bone matrix, providing structural support for newly formed bone tissue. In this work, wollastonite with β‐TCP porous ceramic scaffolds was developed by the polymer sponge replication. Their microstructure, cell viability and bioactivity were tested. in vivo was performed to evaluate the use of a calcium silicate‐based implant in the repair of rabbit tibias. Holes were made in the both proximal and distal tibial metaphysis of each animal and filled with calcium silicate‐based implant, and in the left tibia, no implant were used, serving as control group. Animals underwent euthanasia after 30 and 60 days of study. The animals were submitted to clinical‐radiographic evaluations and their histology was analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscope. The studied calcium silicate implant provided biocompatibility and promoted bone formation, stimulating the process of bone repair in rabbits, features observed by gradual radiopacity shown in the radiographic evaluations.

3D printed bioceramic scaffolds: Adjusting pore dimension is beneficial for mandibular bone defects repair

“…On the other hand, wollastonite (CSi), as one of the well‐known Ca‐silicate biomaterials, shows high bioactivity and even promotes ossification in vivo (Barbosa et al., 2020; Ribas et al., 2019; Sanmartin de Almeida et al., 2018). The inorganic ions released from CSi bioceramic can induce the proliferation and differentiation of osteogenic cells (No et al., 2017).…”

Wollastonite/TCP composites for bone regeneration: systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Regarding the experimental surgical model, the studies included in our meta-analysis used different sites to the confection of the bone defect (femur, calvaria, and tibia) with varying dimensions (8, 6, 5, and 2 mm) [1,5,22,31,35,36]. Despite the variety of experimental models available and used to assess bone repair, defects made in calvaria present morphological characteristics that enable the generation of essential data to comprehend the mechanisms involved in the associated tissue response after the implantation of biomaterials, especially the osteogenic potential.…”

“…In addition, when comparing the NB averages between the conditions W>TCP and W<TCP content ratios, a greater discrepancy was noticed in the percentages obtained with scaffolds than with microspheres. These differences can be justified by the influence of the 3D structural characteristics of the scaffolds that are decisive in the biological behavior and, consequently, in the regenerative potential of the biomaterials [5,35,40,47,48]. These characteristics highlight the potentiality of the polymeric mold impregnation method, also known as sponge replica method, considered highly effective and reproducible in the processing of 3D scaffolds, adopted by the studies that presented the highest percentages of NB in this meta-analysis (Table I) [12,13,18].…”

Development of highly porous calcium phosphate bone cements applying nonionic surface active agents

“…Different techniques are used to obtain highly porous CaPs scaffolds. The method of replication of porous organic matrix [4][5][6][7] is a well-known fabrication technique for the ceramic bone scaffolds. During this process, a polymer sponge (usually polyurethane) is soaked in a ceramic slurry, dried and nally submitted to thermal treatment and sintering.…”