We produce controlled nanostructured membranes from cross-linking
of self-assembled diacrylated poloxamers. At sufficiently high concentrations,
poloxamers form lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs), such as lamellar
(L
α), cubic packing of spherical
micelles, and hexagonal packing of rod-like micelles in water (H1). We use the H1 phase as a template to produce
orderly packed nanofibrous membranes. The obtained membrane has a
continuous 3D transport pathway and can alter its nanofiltration (NF)
properties in response to changes in temperature and pH. The formulation
includes Pluronic P84-diacrylate (P84DA), a thermoresponsive component
that acts as both macromer and structure-directing amphiphile. P84DA
facilitates changes in membrane pore size with temperature due to
its thermoresponsiveness when it is in contact with water. Furthermore,
the precursor contains acrylic acid (AAc) as the charged component,
which upon copolymerization with P84DA, not only enables ion separation
through Donnan exclusion but also imparts pH-responsive behavior for
the separation of ionic species. The membrane performance is studied
and compared with a commercial NF membrane (NF270). We show that the
synthesized NF membrane has separation properties adjustable with
temperature and pH with exceptional resistance to fouling by various
solutes due to its highly hydrophilic surface. Furthermore, the membrane
shows an outstanding sulfate over chloride ion selectivity, which
is a requirement for salt fractionation applications. Deducted from
separate experiments, the ideal chloride/sulfate selectivity for magnesium
cation is about 2.38 at low ionic strengths. This study is done on
a model system to show the capability of incorporating pH-responsiveness
in LLC templated membranes, in which the pH-responsive range can be
designed by changing the charged groups of comonomer in the formulation.