Synthesis and Desulfurization Performance of Functional Silica Gel Modified by Polymeric 1-Vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquids

Abstract

Polymeric 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids modified microspheres of silica gel were prepared by free radical polymerization in toluene. Characterization with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and 13 C, 29 Si magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) demonstrated that 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate had successfully loaded on the surface of silica gel and formed a stable polymer coating. Furthermore, to detect the potential desulfurization performance, a series of experiments of model fuel desulfurization with polymeric ionic liquid modified silica gel had been carried out. The desulfurization efficiency of modified silica gel was investigated by removing 2-methylthiophene, benzothiophene, and dibenzothiophene from model fuel (n-heptane/2-methylthiophene, benzothiophene, and dibenzothiophene) under tested conditions. It was shown that the modified silica gel exhibited remarkable desulfurization capacity for aromatic S-containing compounds and the sulfur removal selectivity followed the order of 2-methylthiophene < benzothiophene < dibenzothiophene due to the different density aromatic π-electrons.

Enzyme-Inspired Assembly: Incorporating Multivariate Interactions to Optimize the Host–Guest Configuration for High-Speed Enantioselective Catalysis

“…The additional peaks at 3100–2800 cm –1 in the IR spectrum of L2@Ru/COF-I correspond to asymmetric and symmetric C–H stretching vibrations of (1 R ,2 R )-(+)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine; the characteristic peak at 699 cm –1 is assigned to the out-of-plane deformation of H atoms in the benzene ring. All these results confirm the successful incorporation of the Ru–L2 complex into the Ru/COF-I. , In the FTIR spectrum of PIL@Ru/COF-I, the signals at 3140, 1639, and 1554 cm –1 correspond to C–H, CC, and CN stretching vibrations, respectively, which evidence the incorporation of PIL chains into the COF channels. , …”

Three-Dimensional Graphene Oxide Covalently Functionalized with Dawson-Type Polyoxotungstates for Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Fuels

“…However, the combustion of sulfur compounds in liquid fuels may result in the emission of sulfur oxides (SO X ) into the atmosphere, causing acid rain and photochemical smog. SO X can also affect the exhaust gas converter of the automobile, potentially resulting in an increase in the discharge of other pollutants. − Thus, there is a need for deep desulfurization of liquid fuels. The widely used hydrodesulfurization method has some drawbacks that can limit its application such as harsh operating conditions, the requirement of high temperature and pressure, consumption of a large quantity of high purity hydrogen and highly active catalyst, and long reaction time. − Thus, it is practically important to develop non-hydrodesulfurization methods such as oxidative desulfurization (ODS), − extraction desulfurization, , adsorption desulfurization, , biological desulfurization, and photocatalytic desulfurization. , Of these methods, ODS has emerged as a promising method for deep desulfurization of liquid fuels due to mild operating conditions and simple procedures.…”

Maximizing the Density of Active Groups in Porous Poly(ionic liquids) for Efficient Adsorptive Desulfurization

“…Calculated from the reciprocal of the slope, the saturated DBT adsorption capacity on P­[BPPIM] reached as high as 37.13 mgS·g –1 . According to our knowledge, it was the best one among the reported PILs, ,,− and even larger than several typical porous materials, such as MCM-41, activated carbon, and MIL-100 − (Table S3).…”