Synthesis and design of hypercrosslinked porous organic frameworks containing tetraphenylpyrazine unit for high‐performance supercapacitor

Abstract

Human society faces significant environmental challenges due to the rapid production and consumption of fossil fuels. Therefore, developing effective and environmentally friendly methods of generating and storing energy is essential. Hypercrosslinked polymers (HPPs) have become increasingly popular due to their diverse preparation methods, simple functionalization, large specific surface area, low cost, mild reaction conditions, high chemical and thermal stability, and small size. We synthesized two hypercrosslinked porous organic polymers using Friedel‐Crafts reactions of 2,3,5,6‐tetraphenyl pyrazine (Pyra) with 4,4′‐bis(chloromethyl)biphenyl (BP), and dimethoxymethane (DDM), resulting in Pyra‐BP‐HPP and Pyra‐DDM‐HPP, respectively. The chemical structures and thermal stability of these polymers were confirmed through solid‐state 13C NMR, FTIR, and TGA. The surface area of Pyra‐BP‐HPP and Pyra‐DDM‐HPP was determined to be 984 and 435 m2 g−1, respectively, with micro and mesoporous structures present. Pyra‐BP‐HPP displayed a high specific capacitance of 94 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, with a capacity retention of 95% after 2000 cycles, which can be attributed to its larger surface area, microporosity, and abundance of electron‐rich phenyl rings when compared to Pyra‐DDM‐HPP.

Rational Design of Bifunctional Microporous Organic Polymers Containing Anthracene and Triphenylamine Units for Energy Storage and Biological Applications

“…These values indicate that the An-Ph-TPA CMP framework has slightly higher capacitive retention than the An-Ph-Py CMP framework. Furthermore, specific capacitances of An-Ph-TPA CMP (116 F g −1 ) and An-Ph-Py CMP (83 F g −1 ) are higher than TPA-Bz CMP (55.1 F g −1 ) [71], Pyra-BP-HPP (94 F g −1 ) [71], Py-BSU CMP (38 F g −1 ) [72], TBN-BSU CMP (70 F g −1 ) [72], TBN-TPE-CMP (18.45 F g −1 ) [73], TBN-Car-CMP (18.90 F g −1 ) [73], TBN-Py-CMP (31 F g −1 ) [73], and CoPc-CMP(13.7 F g −1 ) [36]. The Ragone plot comparison between An-Ph-TPA and An-Ph-Py CMP frameworks reveals that the former exhibits a maximum energy density of 16 W h kg −1 , which is twice as high as that of the latter, which is only 12 W h kg −1 when the power density is 500 kW kg −1 , as shown in Figure 7c.…”

Dispersion of ultrastable crown-ether-functionalized triphenylamine and pyrene-linked porous organic conjugated polymers with single-walled carbon nanotubes as high-performance electrodes for supercapacitors

“…These GCD curves exhibited triangular shapes with slight bends, which indicated EDLC and pseudocapacitive characteristics. [58][59][60][61] The specific capacitance of the CE-Py POP/SWCNT nanocomposite was calculated as 189 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 [Fig. 6(c)].…”

Strategic Design and Synthesis of Ferrocene Linked Porous Organic Frameworks toward Tunable CO2 Capture and Energy Storage

“…Investigating reasonable and cost-effective methods of energy collection and storage is therefore important. Due to their excellent qualities including high energy densities, quick charge/discharge rates, and extended lifespan, supercapacitors (SCs) have received a lot of interest in this respect [1][2][3]. SCs are appropriate for a variety of applications, including biological defibrillators and wind turbines, thanks to their advantageous characteristics [4][5][6].…”