Synthesis and curing behaviors of a crosslinkable polymer from cashew nut shell liquid

Ikeda, Rinsei; Tanaka, Hozumi; Uyama, Hiroshi; Kobayashi, Shiro

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00062-9

Cited by 90 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This could be due to the extra or synergistic contribution of others CNSL components besides cardanol (cardol, 2-methyl-cardol and polymerized material). 3,4 Cardol is known to contribute more towards the antioxidant activity of CNSL than cardanol. 13 One important parameter in the antioxidant activity is the molar mass.…”

Section: Effect Of Cnsl Derivative Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Depending on the conditions of the roasting process, the composition of the technical CNSL can change and reach higher cardanol content (83-84%), less cardol (8-11%) and maintain polymeric material as 10% and 2-methyl cardol content as 2%. 4 The use of natural antioxidants is well established. Hindered phenolic compounds (ArOH) represent the major family of both natural and synthetic antioxidants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant activity of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) derivatives on the thermal oxidation of synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene

Rodrigues¹,

Feitosa²,

Ricardo³

et al. 2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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LCC (Líquido da Castanha de Caju), ou CNSL (Cashew Nut Shell Liquid), é uma mistura de meta-alquilfenóis, que variam no grau de insaturação do grupo ligado ao núcleo benzênico. A degradação térmica do poli(1,4-cis-isopreno) sintético a 140 °C foi estudada na presença do LCC técnico e de alguns derivados (cardanol, cardanol hidrogenado e cardanol hidrogenado e alquilado), através de FTIR. A quantidade de grupamentos OH/OOH e C=O formados e de C=C consumidos foi determinada durante a degradação. Todos os materiais aumentaram o tempo de indução e diminuíram as constantes aparentes de velocidade. Com base nos parâmetros cinéticos, a ordem de atividade antioxidante é: LCC >> cardanol ≅ cardanol hidrogenado e alquilado > cardanol hidrogenado. O efeito do LCC pode ser atribuído à contribuição extra de seus outros componentes, além do cardanol, e à insaturação na longa cadeia lateral. Essa maior atividade é importante, considerando que o LCC tem mais baixo custo do que seus derivados.CNSL is a mixture of meta-alkylphenols with variable degree of unsaturation attached to the benzene ring. The kinetic study of the thermal degradation at 140 °C of synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene film, in the presence of technical CNSL and some derivatives (cardanol, hydrogenated cardanol and alkylated hydrogenated cardanol) was carried out by FTIR. The amount of OH/OOH and C=O formed and also of C=C consumed during the degradation was determined. All materials increase the induction period and decrease the apparent rate constants of thermal-oxidation. Based on kinetic parameters, the order of antioxidant activity was: CNSL >> cardanol ≅ hydrogenated and alkylated cardanol > hydrogenated cardanol. The effect of CNSL could be attributed to the extra contribution of the other components besides cardanol and to the unsaturation on the long side chain. This greater activity is important because CNSL is much more cost effective than its derivatives.

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Section: Effect Of Cnsl Derivative Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant activity of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) derivatives on the thermal oxidation of synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene

Rodrigues¹,

Feitosa²,

Ricardo³

et al. 2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…Therefore, its composition varies as it depends on the time and temperature to which the cashew was submitted. Normally the composition of the technical CNSL is: 60 to 95% cardanol, 4 to 19% cardol, 1 to 2% of anacardic acid, 0.3 to 10% of polymeric material and 1.2 to 4.1% of 2-methylcardol [4,16,17] . The CNSL obtained with super critical CO 2 presented cardanol as its main component (75 to 88%), with its concentration depending on the operational parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between physico-chemical properties of the technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) and those natural extracted from solvent and pressing

et al. 2011

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Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is a by-product of the cashew kernel industry, applied mainly to produce polymeric derivatives. The technical CNSL (CNSLT) was obtained industrially, extracted by roasting the cashew nut shells at temperatures between 180 and 200 °C. Two methods were used to produce natural CNSL. For the extraction of CNSLNP, the cashew nut shells were pressed at room temperature. CNSLNS was extracted in hexane at room temperature and recovered at 50 °C. A comparison was made of the composition determined by HPLC and properties generated by viscosity measurements and also by TG, DSC and IPDT (integral procedural decomposition temperature). Natural CNSLs displayed higher content of cardol and anacardic acid and lower percentage of cardanol than CNSLT. The higher content of cardanol in CNSLNS was the major difference between natural CNSLs. CNSLNP had higher levels of impurity, higher viscosity, lower thermoxidative stabilities and lower ebullition temperature. The CNSL obtained by cold solvent extraction and recovery at 50 °C better preserves the original properties of the liquid.

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“…The phenolic nature of the material makes it possible to react under a variety of conditions to form both base catalyzed resoles and acid catalyzed novolacs [6] . Cardanol is a source of unsaturated hydrocarbon phenol and behaves as an excellent monomer for thermosetting polymer production [7,8] . Cardanol Formaldehyde is synthesized from CNSL (Cashew Nut Shell Liquid) either by polycondensation with electrophilic compounds, such as formaldehyde, furfuraldehyde or by chain polymerization through the unsaturation presents in the side chain using acid catalysts or by the functionalization at the hydroxyl group and subsequent oligomerization to obtain a functionalized pre-polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Properties of Natural Resin Binder in a High Friction Composite Material

Bernard¹,

Jayakumari²

2014

Polímeros

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Abstract:In this paper, a high-friction composite material based on the combination of binder, friction modifiers, fibers and fillers is investigated. In the binder, up to 20% of phenol are replaced by cardanol with various weight ratios of 100/0, 95/5, 90/10, 85/15, 80/20. Cardanol may react both through the phenolic group and the double bond of the side chain yielding addition, condensation and polymerisation reactions that allow the synthesis of tailor-made products and polymers of high value. In the present work, mechanical, thermal and wear characteristics of cardanol based phenolic resin with organic ingredients were manufactured and tested. An analysis of microstructure characteristics of composites was carried out using scanning electron microscope. The effect of environment on the composite was investigated in water, salty water and oil. The results showed that the addition of cardanol reduces the wear resistance and increases the compressibility which reduces the noise propensity.

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Synthesis and curing behaviors of a crosslinkable polymer from cashew nut shell liquid

Cited by 90 publications

References 24 publications

Antioxidant activity of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) derivatives on the thermal oxidation of synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene

Antioxidant activity of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) derivatives on the thermal oxidation of synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene

Comparison between physico-chemical properties of the technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) and those natural extracted from solvent and pressing

Effect of the Properties of Natural Resin Binder in a High Friction Composite Material

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