Synthesis and characterization of vinazene end capped dipyrrolo[2,3-b:2′,3′-e]pyrazine-2,6(1H,5H)-dione small molecules as non-fullerene acceptors for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells

Sivakumar, G.; Bernardo, Douglas Rosa; Marchezi, Paulo Ernesto; Nogueira, Ana F.

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2019.122176

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This is due to the merits of P3HT, such as outstanding solubility in organic solvents, high absorption in the visible region, enhanced crystallinity, excellent charge carrier mobility and high stability ( Khanh et al, 2020 ). In addition, PCBM has an excellent electron accepting capability and forms suitable nanoscale morphological networks with P3HT ( Sivakumar et al, 2020 ). However, PCBM suffers from drawbacks, such as high-cost, low electrical conductivity, low charge carrier mobility, limited energy level engineering, weak optical absorption in the visible region, inferior mechanical flexibility, poor air and thermal stability, and complicated synthesis procedures ( Amollo et al, 2017 ; Aïssa et al, 2019 ; Liang et al, 2019 ; Sivakumar et al, 2020 ; Zhao et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Active Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, PCBM has an excellent electron accepting capability and forms suitable nanoscale morphological networks with P3HT ( Sivakumar et al, 2020 ). However, PCBM suffers from drawbacks, such as high-cost, low electrical conductivity, low charge carrier mobility, limited energy level engineering, weak optical absorption in the visible region, inferior mechanical flexibility, poor air and thermal stability, and complicated synthesis procedures ( Amollo et al, 2017 ; Aïssa et al, 2019 ; Liang et al, 2019 ; Sivakumar et al, 2020 ; Zhao et al, 2020 ). Therefore, to address the aforementioned limitations, recent studies have focussed on replacing or modifying PCBM with carbon-based materials, particularly CNTs, owing to their excellent electron-accepting capability, large specific surface area, broad absorption spectrum, low reflectance, high charger carrier mobility, facile tunability of band gap, superior stability, and low-cost ( Bhatia and Kumar, 2017 ; Fraga Domínguez et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Active Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Organic Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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In recent years, carbon-based materials, particularly carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have gained intensive research attention in the fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their outstanding physicochemical properties, low-cost, environmental friendliness and the natural abundance of carbon. In this regard, the low sheet resistance and high optical transmittance of CNTs enables their application as alternative anodes to the widely used indium tin oxide (ITO), which is toxic, expensive and scarce. Also, the synergy between the large specific surface area and high electrical conductivity of CNTs provides both large donor-acceptor interfaces and conductive interpenetrating networks for exciton dissociation and charge carrier transport. Furthermore, the facile tunability of the energy levels of CNTs provides proper energy level alignment between the active layer and electrodes for effective extraction and transportation of charge carriers. In addition, the hydrophobic nature and high thermal conductivity of CNTs enables them to form protective layers that improve the moisture and thermal stability of OSCs, thereby prolonging the devices’ lifetime. Recently, the introduction of CNTs into OSCs produced a substantial increase in efficiency from ∼0.68 to above 14.00%. Thus, further optimization of the optoelectronic properties of CNTs can conceivably help OSCs to compete with silicon solar cells that have been commercialized. Therefore, this study presents the recent breakthroughs in efficiency and stability of OSCs, achieved mainly over 2018–2021 by incorporating CNTs into electrodes, active layers and charge transport layers. The challenges, advantages and recommendations for the fabrication of low-cost, highly efficient and sustainable next-generation OSCs are also discussed, to open up avenues for commercialization.

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Section: Active Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Active Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Organic Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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N‐Type Quinoidal Polymers Based on Dipyrrolopyrazinedione for Application in All‐Polymer Solar Cells

Pan

Zhan

et al. 2021

Chemistry A European J

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Conjugated molecules and polymers with intrinsic quinoidal structure are promising n‐type organic semiconductors, which have been reported for application in field‐effect transistors and thermoelectric devices. In principle, the molecular and electronic characteristics of quinoidal polymers can also enable their application in organic solar cells. Herein, two quinoidal polymers, named PzDP‐T and PzDP‐ffT, based on dipyrrolopyrazinedione were synthesized and used as electron acceptors in all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). Both PzDP‐T and PzDP‐ffT showed suitable energy levels and wide light absorption range that extended to the near‐infrared region. When combined with the polymer donor PBDB‐T, the resulting all‐PSCs based on PzDP‐T and PzDP‐ffT exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.33 and 2.37 %, respectively. This is the first report on the application of intrinsic quinoidal conjugated polymers in all‐PSCs. The photovoltaic performance of the all‐PSCs was revealed to be mainly limited by the relatively poor and imbalanced charge transport, considerable charge recombination. Detailed investigations on the structure‐performance relationship suggested that synergistic optimization of light absorption, energy levels, and charge transport properties is needed to achieve more successful application of intrinsic quinoidal conjugated polymers in all‐PSCs.

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