Synthesis and characterization of unsaturated lactic acid based thermoset bio-resins

Bakare, Fatimat Oluwatoyin; Åkesson, Dan; Skrifvars, Mikael; Bashir, Tariq; Ingman, Petri; Srivastava, Rajiv K.

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.11.045

Cited by 25 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…NMR was conducted to investigate the chemical structures and the LA chain lengths in the different resins used in this study. The assignment of the peaks was based on the literature and previously reported data . The shifts at 60–75 ppm were attributed to carbon atoms adjacent to oxygen atoms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FTIR spectroscopy data of the functional groups of the star ‐LA based thermosettings have been previously reported in the literature and were used for assigning the signals in this study. Figure illustrates the FTIR spectra of the step‐one, step‐two and cured samples for resins with different chain lengths.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These characteristics make thermosets desirable for reinforced composite applications . The star‐shaped LA ( star ‐LA) based thermosetting resins and their potential for composite manufacturing have been investigated previously . To make the LA based resins crosslinkable, the hydroxyl terminal groups of the LA chains are substituted by unsaturated groups, which can be used in crosslinking reactions to create a rigid three‐dimensional network structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To make the LA based resins crosslinkable, the hydroxyl terminal groups of the LA chains are substituted by unsaturated groups, which can be used in crosslinking reactions to create a rigid three‐dimensional network structure. Another strategy for increasing the crosslinking density of thermosets is to employ a core molecule in the structure of the LA oligomers which consequently improves the mechanical properties of the crosslinked thermoset …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effect of lactic acid chain length on thermomechanical properties of star‐LA‐xylitol resins and jute reinforced biocomposites

Jahandideh

Esmaeili

Muthukumarappan

2017

Polymer International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Star‐shaped bio‐based resins were synthesized by direct condensation of lactic acid (LA) with xylitol followed by end‐functionalizing of branches by methacrylic anhydride with three different LA chain lengths (3, 5 and 7). The thermomechanical and structural properties of the resins were characterized by 13C NMR, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, rheometry, DSC, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), TGA and flexural and tensile tests. An evaluation of the effect of chain length on the synthesized resins showed that the resin with five LAs exhibited the most favorable thermomechanical properties. Also, the resin's glass transition temperature (103 °C) was substantially higher than that of the thermoplast PLA (ca 55 °C). The resin had low viscosity at its processing temperature (80 °C). The compatibility of the resin with natural fibers was investigated for biocomposite manufacturing. Finally, composites were produced from the n5‐resin (80 wt% fiber content) using jute fiber. The thermomechanical and morphological properties of the biocomposites were compared with jute‐PLA composites and a hybrid composite made of the impregnated jute fibers with n5 resin and PLA. SEM and DMA showed that the n5‐jute composites had better mechanical properties than the other composites produced. Inexpensive monomers, good thermomechanical properties and good processability of the n5 resin make the resin comparable with commercial unsaturated polyester resins. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of lactic acid chain length on thermomechanical properties of star‐LA‐xylitol resins and jute reinforced biocomposites

Jahandideh

Esmaeili

Muthukumarappan

2017

Polymer International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Oluwatoyin et al 20 synthesize bio-based thermoset resins using lactic acid oligomers, which were functionalized with carbon-carbon double bonds, in order to allow their crosslinking by a free radical mechanism. Norström et al 21 use hemicelluloses as binders in wood adhesives with water dispersions of xylan.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial

Caillol¹,

Johansson²

2015

European Polymer Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Synthesis and characterization of methacrylated star‐shaped poly(lactic acid) employing core molecules with different hydroxyl groups

Esmaeili

Jahandideh

Muthukumarappan

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A set of novel bio-based star-shaped thermoset resins was synthesized via ring-opening polymerization of lactide and employing different multi-hydroxyl core molecules, including ethylene glycol, glycerol, and erythritol. The branches were endfunctionalized with methacrylic anhydride. The effect of the core molecule on the melt viscosity, the curing behavior of the thermosets and also, the thermomechanical properties of the cured resins were investigated. Resins were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 13 C-NMR, and 1 H-NMR to confirm the chemical structure. Rheological analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis were performed to obtain the melt viscosity and the curing behavior of the studied star-shaped resins. Thermomechanical properties of the cured resins were also measured by dynamic mechanical analysis. The erythritol-based resin had superior thermomechanical properties compared to the other resins and also, lower melt viscosity compared to the glycerol-based resin. These are of desired characteristics for a resin, intended to be used as a matrix for the structural composites. Thermomechanical properties of the cured resins were also compared to a commercial unsaturated polyester resin and the experimental results indicated that erythritol-based resin with 82% bio-based content has superior thermomechanical properties, compared to the commercial polyester resin. Results of this study indicated that although core molecule with higher number of hydroxyl groups results in resins with better thermomechanical properties, number of hydroxyl groups is not the only governing factor for average molecular weight and melt viscosity of the uncured S-LA resins.

show abstract

Synthesis and characterization of unsaturated lactic acid based thermoset bio-resins

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of lactic acid chain length on thermomechanical properties of star‐LA‐xylitol resins and jute reinforced biocomposites

Effect of lactic acid chain length on thermomechanical properties of star‐LA‐xylitol resins and jute reinforced biocomposites

Editorial

Synthesis and characterization of methacrylated star‐shaped poly(lactic acid) employing core molecules with different hydroxyl groups

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About