Synthesis and characterization of stable aqueous dispersion of functionalized double-coated iron oxide nanoparticles

Biocompatible Colloidal Suspensions Based on Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Toxicological Profile

“…This distribution of the cations is responsible for the total magnetization of the molecule (Marinca et al, 2016). Besides the metallic nanoparticles used as valuable tools to enhance the effectiveness of the current therapies and to increase the compliance of the patient to the treatments, there were described other types of nanoparticles engineered in this direction, such as: polymeric colloids, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, cyclodextrins, and others (Kuskov et al, 2010; Medeiros et al, 2015; Soica et al, 2016). …”

“…To avoid such agglomeration and coagulation of the nanoparticles, they are coated with specific surfactants that present in their structure a hydrophobic element and a polar group. The hydrophobic element is adsorbed on the surface of the nanoparticles whereas the polar group enwidens into the water solution and protects the nanoparticle against agglomeration, process that is known as functionalization of the nanoparticle (Medeiros et al, 2015). …”

“…In order to convert the pure magnetic nanoparticles into biocompatible dispersions it was proposed the use of different polymers as capping agents or surfactants, like: starch, chitosan, dextran, oleic acid, polyethylene glycol, etc. (Józefczak et al, 2012; Medeiros et al, 2015; Shete et al, 2015). …”

“…From the great number of nanoparticle types, magnetic nanoparticles attracted an increased attention due to their potential use in multiple medicine branches, such as: magnetic resonance imaging, thermal therapy, cell labeling, drug, and gene targeted delivery, in vitro diagnosis, immunoassays, nucleic acid concentration (reviewed in Gobbo et al, 2015; Medeiros et al, 2015). The group of magnetic nanoparticles includes: pure metals (iron, nickel, and cobalt), metal alloys or metal oxides (Conde et al, 2014; Soares et al, 2016).…”

“…The group of magnetic nanoparticles includes: pure metals (iron, nickel, and cobalt), metal alloys or metal oxides (Conde et al, 2014; Soares et al, 2016). Iron oxide nanoparticles are the highest ranked nanomaterials in medicine due to their unique physico-chemical properties (superparamagnetism) and their established biocompatibility and stability in aqueous solutions (Medeiros et al, 2015; Soares et al, 2016, reviewed in Valdiglesias et al, 2016). Iron oxide nanoparticles were employed for multiple clinical applications, including: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as contrast agents, drug carrier platforms for anticancer agents, magnetic cell separation, in high-gradient magnetic field separations, treatment of retinal detachment, bio-catalysis, and protein purification (Shete et al, 2015; Tran et al, 2015).…”