Synthesis and Characterization of Semiconductive Poly‐1,4‐Dimethoxybenzene and Its Derived Polyquinone

Abstract

Poly‐1,4‐dimethoxybenzene has been synthesized by the anodic oxidation of 1,4‐dimethoxybenzene in aprotic electrolytes. The black polymer is a doped semiconductor as formed. This material is converted to polymeric (oligomeric) hydroquinone and quinone. The polymers are insoluble in all common solvents except for the polyhydroquinone in aqueous base. A coulombic titration of this quinone, using an electrode compounded with carbon and in an aprotic electrolyte, gave an equivalent weight corresponding to ∼0.5e − per quinone unit. Similar results were observed in the initial cycles in Li cells, however, the capacity of the electrode degraded on cycling.

Mott–Schottky analysis of aluminium oxide formed in the presence of different mediators on the surface of aluminium alloy 2024-T3

“…This principle was confirmed for CAT and somewhat for RES (Table 3); however it did not hold for HQ showing correlation with the proximity of hydroxyls in benzene ring on E FB -E max dependence. References for electrochemical oxidative polymerization of HQ (Levine et al, 2005b;Foos and Erker, 1986;Yamamoto et al, 1990) and CAT (Davis et al, 1997) can be found in literature. No literature data for electrochemi- Summarizing, below positive 0.6 V (below CAT and HQ polymerization potential at Al), correlation between the position of hydroxyl group and E FB , determined by MS analysis was observed.…”

High-capacity organic positive-electrode material based on a benzoquinone derivative for use in rechargeable lithium batteries

“…Quinone-based materials have been studied as another type of organic active material since the 1980s, since the quinone skeleton shows a two-electron redox reaction [10][11][12]. The quinone skeleton is frequently found in biological molecules, such as vitamin K, coenzyme Q 10 (ubiquinone) and plastoquinone [13][14][15], and some quinone derivatives play important roles as redox materials in biological electron-transport systems [15].…”

“…If we could use a redox system that includes 1,4-benzoquinone, which is the simplest quinine derivative, as a positive-electrode material, a large capacity of up to about 500 mAh g −1 should be expected, although the use of 1,4-benzoquinone itself is practically difficult because of its high capacity for sublimation. Several pioneering works have tried to apply this redox reaction to battery systems through the synthesis of various polymers [3,[10][11][12]. However, the two-electron redox reaction in battery materials has not been realized in most cases due to various problems, such as the dissolution of these organic compounds into the electrolytes, the instability of intermediate radical species, and low electrical conductivity.…”

The Electrochemical Reaction Mechanism and Applications of Quinones

“…90 There has been interest in using quinones in batteries for a long time. [91][92][93] Recently, poly(vinylanthraquinone) polymer immersed in 30 wt % NaOH or KOH solutions was found to exhibit a capacity of 123 mWh/ g and stability for over 500 cycles as a rechargeable air battery (Figure 16(a)). 94 The redox current increased dramatically going from neutral to basic pH, and this was explained by better electrolyte permeation in basic pH due to the swelling of polymer chains from charge repulsion between negative Q 2−…”