Synthesis and characterization of polybenzoxazine/silica‐based hybrid nanostructures for flame retardancy applications

Casarino, Agustín Forchetti; Casís, Natalia; Estenoz, Diana Alejandra; Spontón, Marisa Elisabet

doi:10.1002/pen.25929

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Compared with PET and FRPET, the pyrolysis products of 9%DOPO-POSS/FRPET are mainly 2-hydroxyethyl hydrogen vinylphosphonate, 25.31%, benzoic acid, 15.75%, and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, 16.43%. Since the eight R groups of DOPO-POSS are all DOPO, in the process of degradation, phosphorus-containing substances are significantly increased and the degradation process is significantly inhibited . Moreover, there are many silicon-containing compounds, which cover the surface of the dehydrated carbon layer and are firmly fixed on the surface of the carbon layer to form a more stable and dense residual carbon structure …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the eight R groups of DOPO-POSS are all DOPO, in the process of degradation, phosphorus-containing substances are significantly increased and the degradation process is significantly inhibited. 43 Moreover, there are many siliconcontaining compounds, which cover the surface of the dehydrated carbon layer and are firmly fixed on the surface of the carbon layer to form a more stable and dense residual carbon structure. 44 Based on the above-mentioned analysis of the carbon morphology, carbon structure, and degradation products during combustion, the possible flame retardancy mechanism is proposed, and the mechanism diagram is shown in Figure 13.…”

Section: Flame Retardancy Mechanism 371 Char Residue Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical, Thermal Stability, and Flame Retarding Properties of Phosphorus-Modified PET Blended with DOPO-POSS

et al. 2022

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In this study, an antidroplet flame retardant system based on FRPET (phosphorus-containing copolyester) is constructed with DOPO-POSS (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane containing DOPO) as an additive flame retardant. It is demonstrated that DOPO-POSS has good dispersibility at a lower amount. When the amount of DOPO-POSS is 9 wt %, the residual char of DOPO-POSS/FRPET at 700 °C increases to 23.56 from 18.16% of FRPET, and the maximum thermal weight loss rate also reduces. What is more is that the limiting oxygen index increases to 33 from 26% of FRPET. The flame burning time is shortened to 4.95 from 20.8 s, the phenomenon of self-extinguishing of the fire occurs, and the vertical combustion level is increased from V-2 to V-0. Compared with FRPET, the peak of the heat release rate decreases by 66.0%, the total heat release decreases by 32.4%, the flame retardancy index (FRI) reaches an excellent value, and the condensed-phase products significantly improve. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy−energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM−EDX), thermogravimetric−FTIR (TG−FTIR), and pyrolysis−gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (Py−GC/MS) results indicate that DOPO-POSS contributes to the formation of char layers and decomposes to generate free radicals with a quenching effect. In a word, DOPO-POSS is an effective radical trapper and charring agent for PET and exerts a flame retardancy effect in gaseous and condensed phases simultaneously.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flame Retardancy Mechanism 371 Char Residue Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical, Thermal Stability, and Flame Retarding Properties of Phosphorus-Modified PET Blended with DOPO-POSS

et al. 2022

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“…In addition, the silica nanoparticles imparted more hydrophobic character to the material surface. 22,23 Despite these advantages, a relatively poor surface interaction of silica with organic matrices, such as polybenzoxazines, is expected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignosulfonate/silica hybrid nanoparticles as a novel biobased filler in polybenzoxazine matrix

Candia,

Taverna,

Forchetti Casarino

et al. 2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Lignin is an abundant and sustainable resource that exhibits numerous attractive functional properties as a reinforcing agent for benzoxazine‐based composites, due to its stiffness, thermal stability, and high carbon content. However, the low quality of lignin particles dispersions associated with the weak particles‐matrix interactions reduces the reinforcement capability. In this work, hybrid lignin/silica (NaLS/SiO2) nanoparticles were obtained from sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) under basic conditions. The particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirming their spherical morphology and narrow nanometric‐size distributions. The hybrid particles were incorporated into conventional benzoxazine (BA‐a) and a difuran biobased benzoxazine (SA‐dfda) to prepare nanocomposites with different mass compositions (3, 5, and 10 wt%). Morphological, mechanical, dynamo‐mechanical, and thermal properties of the obtained composites were assessed. All the materials exhibited a homogenous filler dispersion that contributed to improve the reinforcement properties. Hybrid nanoparticles proved to be an interesting alternative as a filler in the benzoxazine matrix to prepare high‐performance thermosetting composites.

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“…However, its flame retardant rating is only V‐1, which limits its application in more areas. At present, the main modification methods of improving the flame retardancy of polybenzoxazines include the addition of various flame retardants 19–24 and molecular designing 25–36 . The flame retardants, such as halogenated compounds, 19 metal oxides, 20 silicates, 21 borates 22 and phosphorous compounds, 23,37 indeed can improve the flame retardancy effectively, but their mechanical property will deteriorate because of the involvement of external additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and enhanced flame retardancy of co‐polybenzoxazines containing diacetal structure

Xiao

Wang

Ran

2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A comparative study on the flame retardancy of two polybenzoxazines with and without a diacetal structure, p(A) and p(B), is firstly carried out by microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC). It is proved that the presence of the diacetal structure can endow p(A) with good flame retardancy with a low heat release capacity (HRC). Then, the monomer of this diacetal containing p(A), A‐boz, is used to modify a typical diamine type benzoxazine (M‐boz) to improve its flame retardancy. The effects of A‐boz with different ratios on curing behavior, heat resistance and thermal stability of the co‐polybenzoxazines of M‐boz and A‐boz, p(M/A)s, are analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the flame retardancy of p(M/A)s is investigated by UL‐94 test, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and MCC, and the degradation and flame retardant mechanisms are investigated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Raman spectra and TGA‐FTIR. When the addition amount of A is 20 wt%, the LOI value of p(M/A) is as high as 39.5% and its flame retardant rating reaches UL‐94 V‐0. In addition, the mechanical properties of p(M/A)s are tested. The results suggest that the Tg and char yield at 800°C in N2 of p(M/A)s increase from 210 to 243°C and 45% to 51%, respectively. This work suggests that the incorporation of the diacetal structure is an effective strategy to improve the flame retardancy of resins.

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Synthesis and characterization of polybenzoxazine/silica‐based hybrid nanostructures for flame retardancy applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

Mechanical, Thermal Stability, and Flame Retarding Properties of Phosphorus-Modified PET Blended with DOPO-POSS

Mechanical, Thermal Stability, and Flame Retarding Properties of Phosphorus-Modified PET Blended with DOPO-POSS

Lignosulfonate/silica hybrid nanoparticles as a novel biobased filler in polybenzoxazine matrix

Preparation and enhanced flame retardancy of co‐polybenzoxazines containing diacetal structure

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