Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Surfactants: Combination Products of Fatty Acids, Hydroxycarboxylic Acids and Alcohols

Abstract

The reaction of hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as citric, malic and tartaric species with an excess of fatty acid chlorides produces the corresponding O-acylated hydroxycarboxylic anhydrides in one step and in a near quantitative yield. These molecules are excellent electrophiles which react readily with a variety of nucleophiles including alcohols, diols and polyols. Their reaction with triethylene glycol and triethylene glycol monomethyl ether leads to two series of novel anionic surfactants, which are unsymmetrical gemini surfactants. The determination of their properties (CMC, foaming, HLB) revealed that these molecules are-depending on the chain length of the fatty acid-excellent emulsifiers, and that they also display interesting antimicrobial activity. These novel functional surfactants are of interest for applications in food and personal care products and for the formulation of pharmaceuticals.

d-Mannitol based surfactants for cosmetic and food applications and hydrogels to produce stabilized Ag nanoparticles

“…The forming ability and stability of the surfactant solutions in water were determined according to a literature procedure. 26 For this, 0.1% of solutions of the corresponding surfactants were prepared in doubly distilled water. 200 mL of such freshly prepared solution were manually beaten in a 1 litre graduated cylinder with a standard perforated disc for a minute with a frequency of 60 beats per minute.…”

Enzymatic synthesis and modification of surface‐active glycolipids

“…Being odor‐ and tasteless and non‐irritant, they might furthermore be very interesting for applications as emulsifier in food or cosmetic formulations . Additionally, antimicrobial , antiviral and antifungal properties of glycolipids, as well as their possible application as anti‐tumor agent are described in literature. This versatility and the physico‐chemical properties of glycolipids thus might allow their use in many different applications, e.g., in cleaning products or in food and pharmaceutical formulations.…”

Synthesis and surface studies of anionic gemini surfactant in the different counter-ions

“…In recent years, numerous articles have been published addressing the synthesis and surface behavior of anionic gemini surfactants [11][12][13][14][15]. However, there are limited numbers of articles found in the literature to describe the effect of various counter-ions on surface properties of the anionic gemini surfactant with carboxylate head group [16,17].…”