Enzymatic synthesis and modification of surface‐active glycolipids

Pöhnlein, Martin; Hausmann, Rudolf; Lang, Siegmund; Syldatk, Christoph

doi:10.1002/ejlt.201400418

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Genes necessary for three biosurfactants were found to be most represented in metagenomic study of crude oil contaminated soil [ 25 ], (in descending order of abundance): trehalose lipids [ 149 ], polyol lipids and mono/di-rhamnolipids [ 150 ]. Interestingly, the principal enzymes involved in the trehalose degradation pathway were DE, with two putative operons, the first containing treAdhaLKMR (c602247_g2_i1), from E .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trees, fungi and bacteria: tripartite metatranscriptomics of a root microbiome responding to soil contamination

et al. 2018

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BackgroundOne method for rejuvenating land polluted with anthropogenic contaminants is through phytoremediation, the reclamation of land through the cultivation of specific crops. The capacity for phytoremediation crops, such as Salix spp., to tolerate and even flourish in contaminated soils relies on a highly complex and predominantly cryptic interacting community of microbial life.MethodsHere, Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly were used to observe gene expression in washed Salix purpurea cv. ‘Fish Creek’ roots from trees pot grown in petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated or non-contaminated soil. All 189,849 assembled contigs were annotated without a priori assumption as to sequence origin and differential expression was assessed.ResultsThe 839 contigs differentially expressed (DE) and annotated from S. purpurea revealed substantial increases in transcripts encoding abiotic stress response equipment, such as glutathione S-transferases, in roots of contaminated trees as well as the hallmarks of fungal interaction, such as SWEET2 (Sugars Will Eventually Be Exported Transporter). A total of 8252 DE transcripts were fungal in origin, with contamination conditions resulting in a community shift from Ascomycota to Basidiomycota genera. In response to contamination, 1745 Basidiomycota transcripts increased in abundance (the majority uniquely expressed in contaminated soil) including major monosaccharide transporter MST1, primary cell wall and lamella CAZy enzymes, and an ectomycorrhiza-upregulated exo-β-1,3-glucanase (GH5). Additionally, 639 DE polycistronic transcripts from an uncharacterised Enterobacteriaceae species were uniformly in higher abundance in contamination conditions and comprised a wide spectrum of genes cryptic under laboratory conditions but considered putatively involved in eukaryotic interaction, biofilm formation and dioxygenase hydrocarbon degradation.ConclusionsFungal gene expression, representing the majority of contigs assembled, suggests out-competition of white rot Ascomycota genera (dominated by Pyronema), a sometimes ectomycorrhizal (ECM) Ascomycota (Tuber) and ECM Basidiomycota (Hebeloma) by a poorly characterised putative ECM Basidiomycota due to contamination. Root and fungal expression involved transcripts encoding carbohydrate/amino acid (C/N) dialogue whereas bacterial gene expression included the apparatus necessary for biofilm interaction and direct reduction of contamination stress, a potential bacterial currency for a role in tripartite mutualism. Unmistakable within the metatranscriptome is the degree to which the landscape of rhizospheric biology, particularly the important but predominantly uncharacterised fungal genetics, is yet to be discovered.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40168-018-0432-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trees, fungi and bacteria: tripartite metatranscriptomics of a root microbiome responding to soil contamination

et al. 2018

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“…Similar the enhancement of immobilized enzyme activity in non-polar solvent can also be found in other reactions. [26][27][28][29] However, when heptane, hexane and toluene were used as solvents, the maximum benzyl cinnamate yields were obtained at 12 h, and with further increase of reaction time to 24 h, benzyl cinnamate yield decreased, which may be attributed to the dilution of cinnamic acid with reaction progress and more water into the reaction system from the atmosphere. Similar effect can also be found in other enzymatic esterication.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novozym 40086 as a novel biocatalyst to improve benzyl cinnamate synthesis

Sun

Tian

2018

RSC Adv.

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“…However, only enzymatic synthesis enables sustainable production of tailor-made sugar esters. Enzymatic synthesis of fatty acid sugar esters based on sugar and fatty acids or their respective esters is often catalyzed by esterases or lipases in reaction media of low water activity (Pöhnlein et al, 2015 ). Under these conditions, the hydrolytic activity of both enzyme classes is reversed and ester bonds are formed between the hydroxyl group of a sugar molecule and the carboxyl group of the fatty acid (Zaks and Klibanov, 1985 ; Klibanov, 1989 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Process for the Enzymatic Production of Fatty Acid Sugar Esters Completely Based on Lignocellulosic Substrates

et al. 2018

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Lignocellulose can be converted sustainably to fuels, power and value-added chemicals like fatty acid esters. This study presents a concept for the first eco-friendly enzymatic synthesis of economically important fatty acid sugar esters based on lignocellulosic biomass. To achieve this, beech wood cellulose fiber hydrolysate was applied in three manners: as sugar component, as part of the deep eutectic solvent (DES) reaction system and as carbon source for the microbial production of the fatty acid component. These fatty acids were gained from single cell oil produced by the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus cultivated with cellulose fiber hydrolysate as carbon source. Afterwards, an immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B was used as the biocatalyst in DES to esterify sugars with fatty acids. Properties of the DES were determined and synthesized sugar mono- and di-esters were identified and characterized using TLC, MS, and NMR. Using this approach, sugar esters were successfully synthesized which are 100% based on lignocellulosic biomass.

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Enzymatic synthesis and modification of surface‐active glycolipids

Cited by 25 publications

References 75 publications

Trees, fungi and bacteria: tripartite metatranscriptomics of a root microbiome responding to soil contamination

Trees, fungi and bacteria: tripartite metatranscriptomics of a root microbiome responding to soil contamination

Novozym 40086 as a novel biocatalyst to improve benzyl cinnamate synthesis

Integrated Process for the Enzymatic Production of Fatty Acid Sugar Esters Completely Based on Lignocellulosic Substrates

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