Synthesis and characterization of novel protein nanodots as drug delivery carriers with an enhanced biological efficacy of melatonin in breast cancer cells

Abstract

A novel nanodot-using protein has been synthesized for the live cell imaging and drug delivery of melatonin in breast cancer cells. Its unique properties hold potential for various biomedical applications in the field of bioimaging and drug delivery.

A Strategic Review on Carbon Quantum Dots for Cancer-Diagnostics and Treatment

“…Moreover, Chakraborty et al synthesized Fe-doped CQDs (Blood dots) with a size of 4 nm from hemoglobin ( Chakraborty, Sarkar, and Das 2018 ). In another work, Yadav et al utilized lysozyme as the carbon source to construct pH-sensitive protein nanodots (PND) with excellent biocompatibility at pH 7, as shown in Figure 3A ( Yadav et al, 2021 ). PNDs have also been synthesized by the combination of amino acids with other molecules.…”

“… Schematic of Synthesis of CQDs from (A) lysozyme via hydrothermal method( Yadav et al, 2021 ), (B) DNA via sonication and hydrothermal method ( Ding et al, 2015 ), (C) Ocimumtenuiflorum via hydrothermal method( Shukla et al, 2020 ), (D) Gynostemma via Calcination ( Wei et al, 2019 ), (E) nucleotides via hydrothermal method ( Zheng et al, 2019 )and (F) hemoglobin via simple heating ( Chakraborty et al, 2018 ). …”

“…With modern software algorithms, the FTIR is an excellent tool for the quantitative analysis of CQDs. For example, Yadav et al constructed protein nanodots (PND) from Lysozyme protein ( Yadav et al, 2021 ). The characteristics of amide bands of precursor protein are not observed in the spectrum as shown in Figure 4A .…”

Uptake of carbon nanodots into human AML cells in comparison to primary hematopoietic cells

“…The quantum yield of the CNDs was 23%. 20 Since our particles do not show a uorescence wavelength that differs from the values expected for size quantization and furthermore contain structural elements, like sp 3 hybridizations, that should be absent in graphene, we refer to them as carbon nanodots. These nanoparticles are selected for the present study for several reasons.…”

“…Carbon nanodots, the family of carbon based, nanometer-sized particles which includes graphene quantum dots as well as small graphitic crystallites, have a large surface to volume ratio and excellent biocompatibility, 1,2 and studying new ways for their production is still an active eld of research. [3][4][5][6] Since they also show uorescence with advantageous properties in an aqueous environment, CNDs have been widely used in biomedical studies, 3,[7][8][9] although the origin of the uorescence is still under debate. [10][11][12][13] As far as living cells are concerned, CNDs enter the cytoplasm of many human cell lines as well as of primary human blood cells, without signicant effects on the cell viability.…”