Synthesis and characterization of new complexes formed between 1-methyllumazine and 1,6,7-trimethyllumazine ligand with transition metal(II) nitrate. Crystal structure of cobalt(II), copper(II) and cadmium(II) complexes
“…Such an issue is under investigation in our laboratory. However, a number of studies report similar stoichiometry for the complexation of lumazine-like ligands in their ground state with Ag + (30,31), Hg 2+ (32) and Cd 2+ (33). In addition, it is well known that Cd 2+ , Hg 2+ and Ag + (soft acids) can preferentially interact with the sulphur atom (soft base) according to the Pearson's HSAB theory (24).…”
A water-soluble, high-output fluorescent sensor, based on a lumazine ligand with a thiophene substituent for Cd(2+), Hg(2+) and Ag(+) metal ions, is reported. The sensor displays fluorescence enhancement upon Cd(2+) binding (log beta = 2.79 +/- 0.08) and fluorescence quenching by chelating with Ag(+) and Hg(2+) (log beta = 4.31 +/- 0.15 and 5.42 +/- 0.1, respectively). The mechanism of quenching is static and occurs by formation of a ground-state non-fluorescent complex followed by rapid intersystem crossing. The value of the Stern-Volmer quenching rate constant (k(q)) by Ag(+) ions is close to 6.71 x 10(12) mol/L/s at 298 K. The thermodynamic parameters (DeltaG, DeltaH and DeltaS) were also evaluated and indicated that the complexation process is spontaneous, exothermic and entropically favourable. The quantitative linear relationship between the softness values of Klopman (sigma(K)) or Ahrland (sigma(A)) and the experimental binding constants (beta) being in the order of Hg(2+) > Ag(+) > Cd(2+) suggests that soft-soft interactions are the key for the observed sensitivity and selectivity in the presence of other metal ions, such as: Pb(2+), Ni(2+), Mn(2+), Cu(2+), Co(2+), Zn(2+) and Mg(2+) ions.
“…Such an issue is under investigation in our laboratory. However, a number of studies report similar stoichiometry for the complexation of lumazine-like ligands in their ground state with Ag + (30,31), Hg 2+ (32) and Cd 2+ (33). In addition, it is well known that Cd 2+ , Hg 2+ and Ag + (soft acids) can preferentially interact with the sulphur atom (soft base) according to the Pearson's HSAB theory (24).…”
A water-soluble, high-output fluorescent sensor, based on a lumazine ligand with a thiophene substituent for Cd(2+), Hg(2+) and Ag(+) metal ions, is reported. The sensor displays fluorescence enhancement upon Cd(2+) binding (log beta = 2.79 +/- 0.08) and fluorescence quenching by chelating with Ag(+) and Hg(2+) (log beta = 4.31 +/- 0.15 and 5.42 +/- 0.1, respectively). The mechanism of quenching is static and occurs by formation of a ground-state non-fluorescent complex followed by rapid intersystem crossing. The value of the Stern-Volmer quenching rate constant (k(q)) by Ag(+) ions is close to 6.71 x 10(12) mol/L/s at 298 K. The thermodynamic parameters (DeltaG, DeltaH and DeltaS) were also evaluated and indicated that the complexation process is spontaneous, exothermic and entropically favourable. The quantitative linear relationship between the softness values of Klopman (sigma(K)) or Ahrland (sigma(A)) and the experimental binding constants (beta) being in the order of Hg(2+) > Ag(+) > Cd(2+) suggests that soft-soft interactions are the key for the observed sensitivity and selectivity in the presence of other metal ions, such as: Pb(2+), Ni(2+), Mn(2+), Cu(2+), Co(2+), Zn(2+) and Mg(2+) ions.
“…The separation of these bands by 115 cm À1 indicates unidentate mode of coordination [9,11,17]. Though NO À 3 can also coordinate as a bidentate ligand [18], this is not possible in this case, because the macrocycle needs to be folded which is difficult due to steric hindrance of eight peripheral methyl groups present. Folding of a 14-membered macrocycle is possible only along a fold axis passing through diagonally opposite nitrogen atoms having their hydrogens lying on the same side [19].…”
“…The product was filtered off, washed with 30 cm 3 [11] and refined using full-matrix least-squares procedures on F 2 using SHELXL-97 [12]. Anisotropic displacement parameters for all nonhydrogen atoms [13][14][15][16][17]. Inspection of bond lengths and valence angles for the ligand molecules reveals that double bonds exist between C4 and C5 (C14-C15) and N1 and C2 (N11-C12), rather than between C2 and N3.…”
2005) Synthesis, X-ray structure and spectroscopic investigation of an eight-coordinate cadmium(Reaction of 4-methylimidazole-5-carbaldehyde (L) with cadmium(II) nitrate (M : L ¼ 1 : 2; EtOH) yields a novel eight-coordinate mononuclear complex, [CdL 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ]. X-ray structural analysis indicates that the Cd(II) ion possesses what can be described as a double coordination sphere. The inner coordination sphere is pseudo-tetrahedral and consists of four atoms, N(1), N(11), O(21) and O(42), with bond lengths ranging from 2.252(2) to 2.371(2) Å . The second or outer coordination sphere is composed of four oxygen donors, O(7), O(17), O(22) and O(41), with Cd-O distances of 2.543(2) to 2.756(2) Å . The atoms of the external coordination sphere form pyramids with the pseudo-tetrahedral faces of the inner coordination sphere. IR and Raman spectra confirm the stabilization of the N-H isomer of the ligand.
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