Synthesis and characterization of new adamantane-based cardo polyamides

Hsiao, Sheng‐Huei; Li, Chin-Tang

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19990515)37:10<1435::aid-pola5>3.0.co;2-a

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The technique is based on the measurement of sample deformation under very low load as the temperature is increased and two main modes of deformation, defined by the probe/sample contact area and the applied load, can be performed: (i) expansion, when low forces are applied to large contact areas, and (ii) penetration, with small contact areas and high forces. [1][2][3][4][5] In general, a combination of expansion/penetration is observed. TMA has been used successfully for the measurement of several properties of polymers, such as the glass transition temperature, 1,3,4 softening temperature, 1,2,4 thermal expansion coefficient, 1,2,6 degree of crosslinking 1,2,7 and the average number of degrees of freedom of polymer segments between crosslinks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] In general, a combination of expansion/penetration is observed. TMA has been used successfully for the measurement of several properties of polymers, such as the glass transition temperature, 1,3,4 softening temperature, 1,2,4 thermal expansion coefficient, 1,2,6 degree of crosslinking 1,2,7 and the average number of degrees of freedom of polymer segments between crosslinks. 8 A transition temperature is generally taken as a temperature at which the rate or direction of probe deflection changes abruptly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of thermally crosslinkable polyester films by thermomechanical analysis: a versatile and very sensitive technique for the evaluation of low crosslinking degree in polymers

Prataviera

Pessan

Carvalho

2018

Polymer International

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Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is an effective technique for the characterization of small samples such as thin films of micrometric thickness, allowing the determination of thermal events such as glass transition, softening temperature and thermal expansion. Here we describe use of the TMA technique to investigate the drying and curing properties of polyester thin films ranging from 40 to 70 μm thick. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of residual solvent and crosslinking on the glass transition and softening temperatures of the polyester films subjected to thermal cycling. Despite the fact that the analysed films were thinner than 100 μm, TMA proved to be very sensitive to small changes in residual solvent content and to the effects of the degree of crosslinking on the glass transition and softening temperatures of the polymer films. The most important finding is the possibility of detecting very small degrees of crosslinking in an easy, fast and quantitative way. Other methods such as swelling were not sensitive enough to differentiate the crosslinked samples and data for thicker films are not comparable to the data for thin films. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of thermally crosslinkable polyester films by thermomechanical analysis: a versatile and very sensitive technique for the evaluation of low crosslinking degree in polymers

Prataviera

Pessan

Carvalho

2018

Polymer International

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“…Aromatic condensation polymers containing adamantane groups in the backbone have repeatedly been reported in the past. Thus, polyamides,18 polyimides,19, 20 phenolic resins,21 polysulfones,22 and polycarbonates23 have been synthesized from monomers based on the adamantane ring. As a rule, the incorporation of these moieties into the polymer structure has brought about an increase of both solubility and glass transition temperatures, so that the incorporation of adamantyl pendent groups was foreseen as a suitable alternative to improve the properties of traditional PIPAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of new aromatic polyisophthalamides with adamantylamide pendent groups

Espeso

Lozano

Campa

et al. 2010

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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A new diacid monomer containing a pendent adamantyl ring was reacted with various aromatic diamines to prepare novel aromatic polyisophthalamides (PIPAs). The polymers were obtained in high yield and high molecular weight by the Yamazaki-Higashi phosphorylation method of polycondensation. Inherent viscosities ranged from 0.40 to 0.82 dL/g, which corresponds to weight-average and number-average molecular weights (GPC) in the range 21,000-63,000 g/mol and 9000-31,000 g/mol, respectively. The polymers were essentially amorphous and soluble in a variety of polar aprotic solvents, and they afforded transparent, creasable films by the solutioncasting method. The great size of the polyhedral adamantyl moiety brought about a significant restriction of segmental mobility, which translated into a strong increase of T g , so that very high glass transition temperatures were observed, in the range 335-370 C (DSC), which are 70-90 C above the glass transition temperatures of homologous PIPAs without pendent groups. Thus, it can be stated that these adamantyl containing polyamides are among the soluble aromatic PIPAs with highest T g ever described. Conversely, the initial decomposition temperature, as measured by thermogravimetric analysis, was about 400 C, which is lower by 40-70 than that of unsubstituted counterparts. Polymer films exhibited good mechanical properties, with tensile strengths over 65 MPa and tensile moduli between 2.0 and 2.6 GPa.

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“…The incorporation of adamantyl groups into aromatic polyamides and polyimides has been reported to improve solubility or dielectric properties while retaining high thermal stability and glass transition temperatures. [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] The improvement of solubility and thermal properties of adamantyl containing polymers results from the rigidity and the bulkiness of the adamantyl moiety, which greatly reduce the chain mobility and inhibit chain packing. In the present study, we therefore synthesized the new diamine monomer, 4-(1-adamantoxy)-4 0 ,4 00 -diaminotriphenylamine, and its derived aromatic polyamides and polyimides containing electroactive TPA units with bulky electron-donating adamantoxy group para substituted on the pendent phenyl ring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unique structure of this substance is reflected in highly unusual physical and chemical properties such as thermal and oxidation stabilities, low surface energy, and high hydrophobicity. The incorporation of adamantyl groups into aromatic polyamides and polyimides has been reported to improve solubility or dielectric properties while retaining high thermal stability and glass transition temperatures 50–57. The improvement of solubility and thermal properties of adamantyl containing polymers results from the rigidity and the bulkiness of the adamantyl moiety, which greatly reduce the chain mobility and inhibit chain packing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of novel electroactive polyamides and polyimides with bulky 4‐(1‐adamantoxy)triphenylamine moieties

Kung

Liou

Hsiao

2009

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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A novel adamantoxytriphenylamine‐containing diamine monomer, 4‐(1‐adamantoxy)‐4′,4″‐diaminotriphenylamine, was synthesized from readily available reagents. Two series of novel electroactive aromatic polyamides and polyimides with bulky 4‐(1‐adamantoxy)triphenylamine moieties were prepared from the newly synthesized diamine monomer with various aromatic dicarboxylic acids and tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, respectively. All the resulting polyamides and most of the polyimides were readily soluble in polar organic solvents and could be solution cast into tough and flexible films. These polymers showed moderate to high glass transition temperatures in the range of 263–311 °C, and they were fairly stable up to a temperature above 480 °C (for polyamides) or 500 °C (for polyimides). Cyclic voltammograms of the polyamides and polyimides showed one pair of reversible redox waves with oxidation half‐wave potentials (E1/2) in the range of 0.78–0.81 and 0.97–1.05 V, respectively, versus Ag/AgCl in an acetonitrile solution. In addition, the polymers were found to display stable electrochromic properties by repeated cyclic scans between 0.0 and 1.1–1.2 V, with coloration change from a colorless or pale yellowish neutral form to a dark blue or bluish green oxidized form. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1740–1755, 2009

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Synthesis and characterization of new adamantane-based cardo polyamides

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Characterization of thermally crosslinkable polyester films by thermomechanical analysis: a versatile and very sensitive technique for the evaluation of low crosslinking degree in polymers

Characterization of thermally crosslinkable polyester films by thermomechanical analysis: a versatile and very sensitive technique for the evaluation of low crosslinking degree in polymers

Synthesis and properties of new aromatic polyisophthalamides with adamantylamide pendent groups

Synthesis and characterization of novel electroactive polyamides and polyimides with bulky 4‐(1‐adamantoxy)triphenylamine moieties

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