Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline barium strontium titanate powder by a modified sol-gel processing

Araghi, Mohammad Esmaeil Azim; Shaban, Naghi; Bahar, Mahmood

doi:10.1515/msp-2016-0020

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…16 There is also the sol-gel method, which is characterized by its ability to give more than one form or phase; these phases can be used for different subsequent preparations. 17 The sol-gel method is one of the new, nonconventional methods for preparing metal oxide materials which are used in ceramic precursors, insulators, and catalyst support. 18 The use of the sol-gel method instead of the solid-state reaction method is because of a number of reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Ba/Sr ratio on the Curie temperature for ferroelectric barium strontium titanate ceramics

Gatea

Naji

2020

J. Adv. Dielect.

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The powders of lead-free material namely (nonhazardous) barium strontium titanate (BST) with different stoichiometric compositions have been synthesized by the sol-gel method. Ba[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]TiO3 (BST) materials possess the properties of both ferroelectric and dielectric materials. These materials have spontaneous polarization that can be reversed by an applied electric field and they remain polarized even when the applied external electric field is removed. Synthesized samples have been subjected to structural, morphological, and dielectric characterizations. In this study, BST nanopowders with different substitutions of [Formula: see text] (where [Formula: see text] = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6) were prepared by the sol-gel method, which is an easy method with low power consumption and low temperature requirement and produces higher yield. Nanopowders had average particle sizes of 12-24 nm and particles sizes after sintering at 1000[Formula: see text]C for 3 h were 197, 267, 79.80, 63.09, and 63 nm. All resulting pellets had a polycrystalline structure. Crystal structure, space group, morphological characterization, and particle size were determined from the structural analysis using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dielectric measurements were made for BST pellets under different frequencies (1-200 kHz) from room temperature to 250[Formula: see text]C. The dielectric constants for the bulk were 743, 1566, 1091, 766, and 626 for [Formula: see text] = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6, respectively. From dielectric measurements, samples with [Formula: see text] = 0.2 and 0.3 had the Curie temperatures of 70[Formula: see text]C and 28.5[Formula: see text]C, respectively, and remained intact below 0[Formula: see text]C. The sample with [Formula: see text] = 0.3 had a good dielectric measurement and moderate dissipation factor; it may be used in capacitance application as energy stores.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Ba/Sr ratio on the Curie temperature for ferroelectric barium strontium titanate ceramics

Gatea

Naji

2020

J. Adv. Dielect.

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“…This may be due to small radius of stronium. The data of this sample are in good There are also two weak diffraction peaks as a secondary phase besides the peaks of barium strontium titanate phase, which appeared at (2θ = 24.21º, 26.80º) and (28.80º) belong to intermediate oxycarbonates such as Ba2Ti2O5CO3 and (Ba,Sr)Ti2O5CO3 [2,3,25,26]. The most probable crystalline impurity are Sr2TiO4, SrTiO10, Sr3Ti2O7 almost appear at 44.6º [2,25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Barium strontium titanate (BST) is a ternary ceramic compound with the stoichiometric formula (Ba1-xSrxTiO3). It is a continuous solid solution containing BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 over the entire composition range [3]. Barium strontium titanate exhibits the high dielectric constant as that of BaTiO3 and same structural stability as SrTiO3 [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 by Sol-Gel Method

Gatea¹,

Naji²

2018

Asian J. Chem.

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Barium strontium titanate (BST) with formula (Ba1-xSrxTiO3) has been synthesized by sol-gel method with different stoichiometric compositions (x = 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6). The raw materials which used to prepare compounds are (Ba,Sr) acetate as a source (Ba,Sr) and titanate isopropoxide source. The FE-SEM images showed that the particles size reduced from 464 to 13 nm when strontium concentration increased from 0.3 to 0.6. The X-ray diffraction studies have confirmed that Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 sample have the tetragonal phase while remaining samples have a cubic phase. The intensity of the major peaks were decreased and shifted toward higher 2θ angles when Sr 2+ ions increases.This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License, which allows others to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform, and build upon the material, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

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“… 3 , 30 The band of O–Ti–O vibration arrangement was present in lyophilized samples (Li_LYO, Na_LYO, K_LYO) at ∼906 cm –1 and shifted for sample NH 4 _LYO to 937 cm –1 ( Figure 26 a). 31 The Raman spectra of all lyophilized samples ( Figure 26 b) contained typical broad bands for such type of amorphous samples. The binding vibration of O–Ti–O appeared at 277 cm –1 , and stretching vibration appeared at 388, 523, and 676 cm –1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Influence of Inorganic Bases on the Structure of Titanium Dioxide-Based Microsheets

et al. 2020

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Laboratory synthesis of microsheets of titanium dioxide from titanyl sulfate involves the use of ammonia solution, whereas another inorganic base is most likely to be employed at the industrial level, as ammonia is a toxic agent and therefore should be avoided according to European Union (EU) regulations. Selected nontoxic bases such as sodium, potassium, and lithium hydroxides have been tested as an alternative to ammonia solution to obtain amorphous and crystalline TiO 2 -based microsheets. The final products obtained at each step of the procedure (samples lyophilized and annealed at 230 and 800 °C) were analyzed with electron and atomic force microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies to determine their morphology and phase composition. The differences in the morphology of the obtained products were described in detail as well as phase and structural composition throughout the process. It was found that, in the last step of the synthesis, microsheets annealed at 800 °C were built of small rods and oval or platy crystalline particles depending on the base used. The temperature of formation of anatase, rutile, and alkali-metal titanates in correlation with the ionic radius of the alkali metal present in the sample was discussed.

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Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline barium strontium titanate powder by a modified sol-gel processing

Cited by 40 publications

References 24 publications

The effect of Ba/Sr ratio on the Curie temperature for ferroelectric barium strontium titanate ceramics

The effect of Ba/Sr ratio on the Curie temperature for ferroelectric barium strontium titanate ceramics

Preparation and Characterization of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 by Sol-Gel Method

Influence of Inorganic Bases on the Structure of Titanium Dioxide-Based Microsheets

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