Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline forsterite through citrate–nitrate route

Sol gel synthesis of forsterite, M-doped forsterite (M=Ni, Co) solid solutions and their use as ceramic pigments

“…On the other hand, the crystallization of the amorphous silica that took place at temperatures above 900 • C according to previous experimental observations of Kriven and Lee 27 , was not detected and the obtained forsterite remains stable even at temperatures above 1200 • C. Thus, although the sol-gel route herein employed permits us to obtain forsterite with great thermal stability which is in addition, one of the key properties that is strongly required in ceramic pigments field, some methods employed for synthesis of forsterite were found to be more reactive. In particular, the citrate-nitrate route employed by Saberi et al which succeeded to obtain pure forsterite after calcination at just 860 • C. 28 The FT-IR spectrum of forsterite sample F1 is shown in Fig. 1(b).…”

Synthesis and characterization of spinel–forsterite nanocomposites

“…Forsterite is a material of interest to engineers and designers, especially as an active medium for tunable laser [1,2]. It shows good refractoriness due to high melting point (1890 8C), low thermal expansion and conductivity, good chemical stability and excellent insulation properties even at high temperatures [3].…”

Characterization and microstructure investigation of novel ternary ZrO2–Al2O3–TiO2 composites synthesized by citrate–nitrate process

“…The citric acid is the source of C and H and releases heat; it simultaneously forms complexes with the metal ions facilitating homogeneous mixing of the cations in solution [11,13]. As a result of heating, the formed complexes break down and oxidation of cations occurs to form metal oxides [11,14].…”

“…Ultrafine oxide ceramic powders of Al 2 O 3 , Al 2 TiO 5 , ZrO 2 , BaTiO 3 , YSZ, etc., have been produced by the C-N method utilizing the exothermic redox reactions between metal nitrates as an oxidizer and citric acid as a fuel [20,21]. The citric acid is the source of C and H and releases heat; it simultaneously forms complexes with the metal ions facilitating homogeneous mixing of the cations in solution [11,13]. As a result of heating, the formed complexes break down and oxidation of cations occurs to form metal oxides [11,14].…”

“…As a consequence, these treatments can degrade the mechanical properties of the ceramics [1,10,11]. In recent years, various chemical synthesis routes have been adopted to circumvent the synthetic difficulties to prepare fine particles of ceramic composite powders, such as sol-gel, coprecipitation, hydrothermal, combustion synthesis and some combined routes such as combination of gelation and precipitation from inorganic salt solutions [12,13].…”