Characterization and microstructure investigation of novel ternary ZrO2–Al2O3–TiO2 composites synthesized by citrate–nitrate process

Abstract

The citrate-nitrate, sol-gel technique was used to prepare two different composites in the ZrO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 system. The influence of two various compositions and calcination temperatures on the phase transformation and microstructure was investigated by the simultaneous thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that while the combustion intensity was vigorous for the stoichiometric sample (ZAT-1) at 346°C, the combustion occurs at a temperature range (270-500°C) for the alumina-rich sample (ZAT-2). FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of complex compounds with citrate ligands. The XRD patterns revealed ZrTiO 4 formation at 900°C in both samples due to its thermodynamic stability; surprisingly, in stoichiometric samples calcined at 1100°C, Al 2 TiO 5 and monoclinic ZrO 2 phases were detected, which indicated ZrTiO 4 decomposition, whereas in alumina-rich samples, no ZrTiO 4 decomposition was observed. The SEM micrographs also showed orthorhombic particles of ZrTiO 4 with average particle size around 100 nm for the stoichiometric sample calcined at 1100°C. Graphical AbstractKeywords ZrTiO 4 -Al 2 TiO 5 composite Á Citrate-nitrate process Á FTIR

Enhancement of Human Gingival Fibroblasts Bioactivity and Proliferation on Plasma Sprayed Yttria-Stabilised Zirconia/TiO2 Surface Coating of Titanium Alloys: An In-Vitro Study

“…Additionally, zirconium titanium oxide (ZrTiO4) (JCPDS No. 00-034-0415) was also identified in the XRD analysis due to the reaction between YZP and TiO2 [33,34].…”

Al2O3–TiO2/ZrO2–SiO2 based porous ceramics from particle-stabilized wet foam

“…However, the enhancement of thermal durability of Al 2 TiO 5 can be possible by adding thermodynamical stabilizers such as MgO, Fe 2 O 3 , and TiO 2 , which are isomorphous with pseudo-brookite minerals like Fe 2 TiO 5 [9], MgTi 2 O 5 [10], Ti 3 O 5 (anosovite) [11], and MgAl 2 O 4 (spinel) [12]. Also, Al 2 TiO 5 can be mechanically stabilized through the limitation of its grain growth with additives such as SiO 2 [13], ZrO 2 [14], ZrTiO 4 [15], mullite [16], and ZrSiO 4 (zircon) [17] that constrain both the microcracks and the abnormal grain growth [18].…”