Synthesis and Characterization of Gadolinium doped Cerium (Ce_0,9Gd_0,1O_1,95) by using Various Carbonates as a Precipitant

Abstract

Gadolinium-doped cerium (Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95, GDC) as an electrolyte in IT-SOFC has higher performance in nano-sized than the other sized. Carbonate was known as a precipitant agent that could affect the morphology and size of the particle. In this study, the effects of various carbonates as a precipitant agent on the synthesis of GDC by co-precipitation method were investigated. Cerium in the form of Ce(NO3)3.6H2O (cerium nitrate hexahydrate) used in the synthesis process. Three types of carbonates, i.e. ammonium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and sodium hydrogen carbonate, namely GDC1, GDC2, and GDC3, respectively, was used as a precipitating agent. The GDC powder resulted was then characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Particle Size Analysis (PSA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The carbonates variation affected the physical properties and the formed particle of GDC. GDC2 showed the optimum carbonate that produces electrolyte GDC with better properties as an IT-SOFC electrolyte based on physical properties.

Enriched Surface Oxygen Vacancies of CeO2 Nanosheets: Surfactant Free Synthesis at Room Temperature and its Enhanced Anti‐bacterial Property

“…Beside the time, precipitant i. e., potassium carbonate in the precipitation method was also a main factor affecting the physical appearance of the final material [13,30,31] . Many other carbonates were also used as a precipitant in the same co‐precipitation method like sodium hydrogen carbonate [32] . Primarily, K 2 CO 3 was ionized in K + and CO 3 −2 in an aqueous solution, while the Ce 3+ violently reacts with CO 3 −2 ions and the white precipitates were generated immediately, namely Ce (III) basic carbonate (Ce(OH)CO 3 ), which were self‐assembled into bundle‐like structures hierarchically.…”

“…[13,30,31] Many other carbonates were also used as a precipitant in the same co-precipitation method like sodium hydrogen carbonate. [32] Primarily, K 2 CO 3 was ionized in K + and CO 3 À 2 in an aqueous solution, while the Ce 3 + violently reacts with CO 3 À 2 ions and the white precipitates were generated immediately, namely Ce (III) basic carbonate (Ce(OH)CO 3 ), which were selfassembled into bundle-like structures hierarchically. Afterwards, the Ce(OH)CO 3 precursors were oxidized and decomposed into CeO 2 in air after a specific time (30 mins).…”

Surfactant-Free Synthesis of Melon Seed–Like CeO2 and Ho@CeO2 Nanostructures with Enriched Oxygen Vacancies: Characterization and Their Enhanced Antibacterial Properties

“…18 Many researchers synthesized ceria nanomaterials through different methods using various precipitating agents such as ammonium carbonate, and sodium hydrogen carbonate to obtain agglomerated 19 and larger-size particles. 16 Hapsari et al 20 synthesized Gd-CeO 2 using potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as precipitants and evaluated the effects of K 2 CO 3 on the morphology of CeO 2 . It showed that the morphology of the nanosheets was changed when using K 2 CO 3 as a precipitant.…”