Synthesis and characterization of Egg shell (ES) and Egg shell with membrane (ESM) modified by ionic liquids

Abstract

Egg shell (ES) is a biological macromolecule mainly containing calcite embedded in proteins and polysaccharides, while shell membrane predominantly contains proteins. Thus ES with membrane (ESM) possesses richer protein contents than ES. In the present work, ES and ESM have been separately modified using mono-and di-cationic imidazolium ionic liquids, [C 5 mim + ][Br -] (IL) and [Bis-(PhCH 2 MIm) + ][2Cl -] (DIL). Thus four modified products have been obtained namely ES-IL, ES-DIL, ESM-IL and ESM-DIL. In order to determine physico-chemical modifications of the ES due tothe interactions with the ionic liquids, the structural, spectroscopic and thermal properties of all products were investigated by means of XRD, FTIR and TG/DTA. The IR spectra display significant changes in the 1400 -1550 and 2800 -3100 cm -1 regions confirming the insertion of IL and DIL into the ES and ESM layers. Furthermore, the XRD results indicate that this modification process influence the crystal structure of the ES. Thermal analysis suggests that the chemical modification increases the thermal stability of the ES and ESM. It has also been ascertained that presence of proteins in the shell membrane is responsible for increasing thermal stability in the order ES < ESM < ES-IL < ESM-IL < ES-DIL < ESM-DIL.

Chemical properties of the coffee grounds and poultry eggshells mixture in terms of soil improver

“…Carbon and nitrogen in spent coffee grounds occur in different organic compounds 21 , 22 , and the carbon present in chicken and duck eggshells occurs mainly in amino acids 6 and in minerals such as calcium carbonates and magnesium carbonates 23 . Nitrogen in chicken and duck eggshells occurs mainly in amino acids 6 , 24 , which, once released to the soil environment, can be taken up by plants 25 .…”

Eggshell membrane separation methods-waste to wealth-a scoping review

“…The non-chemical separation methods for separating the membrane from the eggshell include manual scraping and peeling (Haddad et al, 2021;Hussain et al, 2010;Kulshreshtha et al, 2020;Torres-Mansilla & Delgado-Mejía, 2017), mechanical methods include cyclone, venturi, and dissolved air floatation (Nurdin et al, 2018). The chemical separation is mainly through acid dissolution (Torres-Mansilla & Delgado-Mejía, 2017), microwave treatment (Hussain et al, 2010), proteolytic enzymes, etc.…”

Ultrasonic Functionalized Egg Shell Powder for the Adsorption of Cationic Dye: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies

“…Egg shell is opulent animal waste that is recycled in a limited range. Every year, millions of egg shells are discarded as waste in the country without being recycled [23][24][25]. Egg shells are a significant source of waste in the chicken egg processing industry.…”