Synthesis and characterization of Cu core Pt–Ru shell nanoparticles for the electro-oxidation of alcohols

Sieben, Juan Manuel; Comignani, Vanina; Alvarez, Azucena L.; Duarte, Marta María Elena

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.12.064

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Bimetallic systems include PtAu [256,259,260,270], Pd(Ag) [261,266,[272][273][274] and Pt(Cu) [260]. Ternary catalysts for EOR prepared by galvanic replacement include PtAu(Cu) [260], PtPd(Ni) [262], PtPb(Ni) [263], PtRu(Cu) [264], Pt(PdAu) [267], PdAg(Au) [268] and PdRu(Cu 2 O) [271] (note that a metal can also be replaced from one of its oxides, as discussed in Section 2.3)…”

Section: Methanol Formic Acid and Ethanol Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalysts Prepared by Galvanic Replacement

et al. 2017

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Galvanic replacement is the spontaneous replacement of surface layers of a metal, M, by a more noble metal, M noble , when the former is treated with a solution containing the latter in ionic form, according to the general replacement reaction: nM + mM noble n+ → nM m+ + mM noble. The reaction is driven by the difference in the equilibrium potential of the two metal/metal ion redox couples and, to avoid parasitic cathodic processes such as oxygen reduction and (in some cases) hydrogen evolution too, both oxygen levels and the pH must be optimized. The resulting bimetallic material can in principle have a M noble-rich shell and M-rich core (denoted as M noble (M)) leading to a possible decrease in noble metal loading and the modification of its properties by the underlying metal M. This paper reviews a number of bimetallic or ternary electrocatalytic materials prepared by galvanic replacement for fuel cell, electrolysis and electrosynthesis reactions. These include oxygen reduction, methanol, formic acid and ethanol oxidation, hydrogen evolution and oxidation, oxygen evolution, borohydride oxidation, and halide reduction. Methods for depositing the precursor metal M on the support material (electrodeposition, electroless deposition, photodeposition) as well as the various options for the support are also reviewed. 1. Principle of Galvanic Replacement/Deposition 1.1. Thermodynamic Considerations When a metal, M (e.g., Cu, Fe, Co, Ni, Al, etc.), is immersed in a solution containing ions of a more noble metal, M noble n+ (e.g., Pt, Au, Pd, Ag, Ru, Ir, Rh, Os, etc.-i.e., a metal with a higher standard potential) then, due to the difference in their standard electrochemical potentials, E 0 noble − E 0 > 0, and provided that the ionic form of M is stable under the given experimental conditions (of temperatue, pH, complexing agents etc.), the following reaction is thermodynamically favored and can take place spontaneously: M noble n+ + n/m M → M noble + n/m M m+ (1) This reaction, which bears similarities with transmetalation reactions between metal complexes [1] and is also known as immersion plating [2] in the plating industry and galvanic replacement [3] in materials chemistry, can be considered to originate from the coupling of the following two half-reactions: M noble n+ + ne − ↔ M noble (E 0 noble) (2) M m+ + me − ↔ M (E 0) (3)

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Section: Methanol Formic Acid and Ethanol Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalysts Prepared by Galvanic Replacement

et al. 2017

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“…However, only galvanic replacement of Ru, Os, and Ir using a Cu template because of their low reduction potentials is known, and physicochemical characterization and potential verification of these are currently insufficient. As in the case of Rh, the application to biomedical applications, including cancer treatment, of platinum-group elements has tremendous possibilities [230][231][232][233][234][235]. Consequently, a suitable synthetic platform and systematic analysis are urgently required.…”

Section: Platinum-group Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Nanoparticle Shape and Composition Regulation Based on Galvanic Replacement for Cancer Treatment

Shin¹,

Kang²,

Jang³

2018

Preprint

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Owing to their unique physicochemical properties, nanoparticles are used in a variety of ways in the field of cancer treatment, including imaging, drug delivery, and photothermal and photodynamic therapies. The fascinating properties of nanoparticles are determined by their size, morphology, and constituent elements, and various synthetic methods and post-synthetic techniques have been applied to control these factors. Herein, we present examples of shape and composition control through galvanic replacement, a technique that exploits redox potential differences between elements to induce spontaneous ion-exchange and highlight its specific contributions to cancer treatment applications. The present article identifies the recent advances in nanoparticle formation techniques and discusses the future outlook of the field.

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“…One method to promote the catalytic activity of Pd is alloyed with other metals, including Ag [9,10], Fe [11] and Sn [12,13]. Many binary or ternary composite catalysts involved in Pd have been developed to enhance the electroactivity of the Pd catalyst for ethanol oxidation [14,15], such as Pd-Ru [16], Pd-Ni-P [17], Pd-Co [18], Pd-Pt [19,20], Pd-Au [21], and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Electrocatalytic Characteristics of PdW/C Catalyst for Ethanol Oxidation

Liu

et al. 2015

Catalysts

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A series of PdW alloy supported on Vulcan XC-72 Carbon (PdW/C) with total 20 wt. % as electrocatalyst are prepared for ethanol oxidation by an ethylene glycol assisted method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization shows that PdW nanoparticles with an average size of 3.6 nm are well dispersed on the surface of Vulcan XC-72 Carbon. It is found that the catalytic activity and stability of the PdW/C catalysts are strongly dependent on Pd/W ratios, an optimal Pd/W composition at 1/1 ratio revealed the highest catalytic activity toward ethanol oxidation, which is much better than commercial Pd/C catalysts.

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Synthesis and characterization of Cu core Pt–Ru shell nanoparticles for the electro-oxidation of alcohols

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Electrocatalysts Prepared by Galvanic Replacement

Electrocatalysts Prepared by Galvanic Replacement

Recent Advances in Nanoparticle Shape and Composition Regulation Based on Galvanic Replacement for Cancer Treatment

Preparation and Electrocatalytic Characteristics of PdW/C Catalyst for Ethanol Oxidation

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