Abstract:We report on the synthesis and characterization of CsSnI3 perovskite semiconductor thin films deposited on inexpensive substrates such as glass and ceramics. These films contained polycrystalline domains with typical size of 300 nm. It is confirmed experimentally that CsSnI3 compound in its black phase is a direct band-gap semiconductor, consistent with the calculated band structure from the first principles. The band gap is determined to be ∼1.3 eV at Γ point at room temperature.
“…Obviously the choice of the organic cations is limited because of the restricted dimension of the cuboctahedral hole formed by the 12 nearest-neighbor X atoms. In fact, the compounds CH 3 NH 3 MX 3 , with M Sn, Pb and X Cl, Br, and I, have been successfully synthesized [76][77][78][79][80][81]. Each of these systems has a cubic structure at the highest temperature phase.…”
Section: Materials Structure and Properties Of Perovskitementioning
A cost-effective and high-throughput material named perovskite has proven to be capable of converting 15.9% of the solar energy to electricity, compared to an efficiency of 3.8% that was obtained only four years ago. It has already outperformed most of the thin-film solar cell technologies that researchers have been studying for decades. Currently, the architecture of perovskite solar cells has been simplified from the traditional dye-sensitized solar cells to planar-heterojunction solar cells. Recently, the performance of perovskite in solar cells has attracted intensive attention and studies. Foreseeably, many transformative steps will be put forward over the coming few years. In this review, we summarize the recent exciting development in perovskite solar cells, and discuss the fundamental mechanisms of perovskite materials in solar cells and their structural evolution. In addition, future directions and prospects are proposed toward high-efficiency perovskite solar cells for practical applications.
“…Obviously the choice of the organic cations is limited because of the restricted dimension of the cuboctahedral hole formed by the 12 nearest-neighbor X atoms. In fact, the compounds CH 3 NH 3 MX 3 , with M Sn, Pb and X Cl, Br, and I, have been successfully synthesized [76][77][78][79][80][81]. Each of these systems has a cubic structure at the highest temperature phase.…”
Section: Materials Structure and Properties Of Perovskitementioning
A cost-effective and high-throughput material named perovskite has proven to be capable of converting 15.9% of the solar energy to electricity, compared to an efficiency of 3.8% that was obtained only four years ago. It has already outperformed most of the thin-film solar cell technologies that researchers have been studying for decades. Currently, the architecture of perovskite solar cells has been simplified from the traditional dye-sensitized solar cells to planar-heterojunction solar cells. Recently, the performance of perovskite in solar cells has attracted intensive attention and studies. Foreseeably, many transformative steps will be put forward over the coming few years. In this review, we summarize the recent exciting development in perovskite solar cells, and discuss the fundamental mechanisms of perovskite materials in solar cells and their structural evolution. In addition, future directions and prospects are proposed toward high-efficiency perovskite solar cells for practical applications.
“…7 The optical and electronic properties of perovskite materials can be tuned to a great extent depending on the type and size of the metal ion and the organic cation. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Among them, methylammonium lead iodide (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) has become a very promising material for high-e±ciency solar cells, 1,[3][4][5][16][17][18][19][20][21] because of its broad spectral response, 1,16,17 high optical cross section, 16,17,22 as well as ease of processing in solution methods. 1,2,17,23 It was¯rst employed in liquid dyesensitized solar cell device con¯guration as light harvester.…”
Perovskite-based photovoltaic devices have recently achieved impressively high e±ciencies beyond 15% and gained great interest. We show here the formation of perovskite cluster overlayer structures which consist of individual perovskite grains on top of mesoporous TiO 2¯l ms, coexisting with the randomly distributed nanocrystals within the¯lms. Perovskite solution concentration was found to play an important role in modulating the perovskite crystallization and cluster overlayer formation process. Absorbance increase in visible wavelength range and shift of photoluminescence (PL) responses of perovskite¯lms due to the e®ect of precursor concentration change were observed and investigated in detail. The crystallographic analysis of the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3¯l ms shows a gradual decrease of the perovskite lattice parameters and shrinkage of unit volume as precursor solution concentration increases, which is correlated to the changes of optical properties. Finally, perovskite-based solar cell device performance was enhanced at higher precursor concentration.
A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was fabricated with a nanocrystalline TiO 2 film electrode on FTO glass, N719 dye, electrolytes (or CsSnI 3 ), and counter Pt electrode by incorporating it with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). SWNTs were combined with TiO 2 film, CsSnI 3 , Pt electrode, separately, and the SWNTcontaining cell was compared with a pristine cell in cell performance. We also examined the performance change by pressing TiO 2 film, during cell fabrication, inside a high pressure chamber. Mostly, the change of conversion efficiency was compared for each cell, and an atomic force microscopy data were suggested to explain our results.
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